Translating in a constrained environment
Shaping genres, audiences and attitudes anew
Published online: 8 December 2021
https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00244.red
https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00244.red
Abstract
Translating children’s literature has been an object of interest researched from a number of vantage points, including the question of constraining factors. Scholars have highlighted mainly the question of dual readership or cultural adaptation, frequently without a global and systemic analysis of all impediments. This article examines the Polish translation of the German book for children, Katharina von der Gathen’s Klär mich auf, from a constraint-based framework. This article focuses on the reconstruction of the constraints in the translation process: the point of departure is the framework with three basic factors that constrain translation, i.e., the intention of the author/translator, text type, and the profile of the audience. The presented argumentation incorporates other formal impediments, such as the visual layer of the book and the semiotic make-up of the source text, language taboo and censorship or the literary polysystems. The analysis of the constraint framework helps to comprehend the translation in terms of the ST-TT relationship regarding their intended audiences, genre-related features, and the child-adult duality.
Keywords: constraints, children’s literature, target audiences, genre, taboo
Résumé
La traduction de la littérature pour enfants a fait l’objet de recherches sous plusieurs angles, notamment celui des facteurs contraignants. Les chercheurs ont principalement mis l’accent sur la question du double lectorat ou de l’adaptation culturelle, souvent sans procéder à une analyse globale et systémique de tous les obstacles. Cet article examine la traduction polonaise du livre allemand pour enfants Klär mich auf de Katharina von der Gathen à partir d’un cadre analytique basé sur les contraintes. L’analyse se focalise sur la reconstruction des contraintes dans le processus de traduction : le point de départ est le cadre avec trois facteurs de base qui contraignent la traduction, c’est-à-dire l’intention de l’auteur/traducteur, le type de texte et le profil du public. L’argumentation présentée intègre d’autres obstacles formels, tels que l’aspect visuel du livre et la composition sémiotique du texte source, le tabou et la censure de la langue ou les polysystèmes littéraires. L’analyse du cadre de contraintes permet de comprendre la traduction en termes de relation ST-TT en ce qui concerne les publics visés, les caractéristiques liées au genre ainsi que la dualité enfant-adulte.
Mots cles : contraintes, littérature pour enfant, publics cibles, genre, tabou
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Klär mich auf and its Polish translation
- 3.Framework for the analysis: Translation constraints
- 3.1Meta-translational constraints
- 3.2ST-specific constraints
- 3.3Translation problems
- 3.4Context-specific constraints
- 3.5Medium-specific constraints
- 3.6System-based constraints
- 3.7Ideology-based constraints
- 3.8Audience-related and social constraints
- 4.Conclusions
- Note
References
References (20)
Alvstad, Cecilia. 2010. “Children’s Literature and Translation.” In Handbook of Translation Studies, edited by Yves Gambier and Luc van Doorslaer, 22–27. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Billiani, Francesca, ed. 2007. Modes of Censorship and Translation: National Contexts and Diverse Media. Manchester: St. Jerome.
Brownlie, Siobhan. 2007. “Examining Self-Censorship. Zola’s Nana in English Translation.” In Modes of Censorship and Translation. National Contexts and Diverse Media, edited by Francesca Billiani, 205–234. Manchester: St. Jerome.
Fernández López, Marisa. 2000. “Translation Studies in Contemporary Children’s Literature: A Comparison of Intercultural Ideological Factors.” Children’s Literature Association Quarterly 25 (1): 29–37.
Gorajska, Małgorzata, Marianna Kuik, Jowita Laube, Urszula Liszewska, and Olga Madej. 2018. “Edukacja seksualna w Polsce w kontekście promocji zdrowia seksualnego vs tabu seksualne” [Sex education in Poland in the context of sexual health promotion vs. sexual taboo]. Psychoseksuologia [Psychosexology] 41: 110–120.
Jakobson, Roman. 1960. “Closing Statements: Linguistics and Poetics.” In Style in Language, edited by Thomas A. Sebeok, 350–377. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
Kultura w 2019 [Culture in 2019]. Statistics in Poland, Social Surveys Department and Statistical Office in Kraków, Centre for Cultural Statistics, supervised by Piotr Łysoń. Warszawa: Zakład Wydawnictw Statystycznych.
Nida, Eugene Albert. 1964. Toward a Science of Translating: With Special Reference to Principles and Procedures Involved in Bible Translating. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Oittinen, Riitta. 2003. “Where the Wild Things Are: Translating Picture Books.” Meta: Translator’s Journal 48 (1–2): 128–141.
Pereira, Nilce M. 2008. “Book Illustration as (Intersemiotic) Translation: Pictures Translating Words.” Meta: Translator’s Journal 53(1): 104–119.
Reiss, Katharina. 1971. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Übersetzungskritik: Kategorien und Kriterien für eine sachgerechte Beurteilung von Übersetzungen [Possibilities and limits of translation criticism: Categories and criteria for proper translation assessment]. München: Max Heuber.
Rędzioch-Korkuz, Anna. 2018. “Is a General Theory of Translation Possible? Some Preliminary Thoughts.” In Translation Studies across the Boundaries, edited by Lucyna Harmon and Dorota Osuchowska, 31–50. Berlin: Peter Lang.
von der Gathen, Katharina. 2014. Klär mich auf. 101 echte Kinderfragen rund um ein aufregendes Thema [Explain it to me: 101 authentic questions from children about an exciting subject]. Leipzig: Klett Kinderbuch.
. 2018. Odpowiedz mi! Dzieci pytają o intymne sprawy [orig. Klär mich auf. 101 echte Kinderfragen rund um ein aufregendes Thema], translated by Anna Magdziarz. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Dwie Siostry.
Cited by (1)
Cited by one other publication
Moreno García, Luis Damián
2024. Recontextualizing disassembled texts. Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation / Revista Internacional de Traducción 70:1-2 ► pp. 64 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 2 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
