Article published In: APTIF 9 - Reality vs. Illusion: From Morse code to machine translation
Edited by Frans De Laet, In-kyoung Ahn and Joong-chol Kwak
[Babel 66:4/5] 2020
► pp. 570–587
How does the language acquisition period affect simultaneous interpreters’ language processing?
Published online: 25 August 2020
https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00177.han
https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00177.han
Abstract
This study aims to identify the similarities and differences in cognitive-psychological semantic (Translation Equivalent) mapping employed by early, and late balanced bilinguals at the adult level. The subjects of lexical-semantic recognition tasks were limited to fourth-semester learners at graduate school of interpreting and translation to analyze the effect that the L2 acquisition period (or Age of Acquisition, AOA) and immersive education may have on cross-language processing among highly-proficient bilinguals. The experimental words were composed of non-cognate abstract words with two levels, and in four language directions (L1 > L1, L1 > L2, L2 > L1, L2 > L2) to compare monolingual, and bilingual priming effects. Early, and Late Balanced Bilingual groups (i.e., EBB and LBB) were comparable in many ways. However, mid balanced bilinguals who had exposure of more than six years after the critical period showed distinctive features. With a low lexical difficulty in the L1 to L2 direction, Mid Balanced Bilingual group (MBB) showed a similar tendency with EBB, while it was analogous to LBB when the lexical difficulty was high, and the language direction was from L2 to L1. Such results can be interpreted as evidence against the critical period hypothesis, indicating that language dominance may change due to the L2 acquisition period and immersive education. In contrast to their subjective perception, the mother tongue of all subject groups turned out to be Korean since all subjects, without exception, were faster in deciding words from English to Korean. The parental factor was limited to be all Koreans in order to control biological differences, from which the parental factor is reversely inferred most influential for early balanced bilinguals’ language dominance.
Résumé
Cette étude vise à identifier les similitudes et les différences dans la cartographie sémantique cognitive-psychologique (équivalent de traduction) utilisée par les bilingues précoces et tardifs équilibrés au niveau adulte. Les sujets des tâches de reconnaissance lexico-sémantique étaient limités aux apprenants du quatrième semestre d’une école supérieure d’interprétation et de traduction pour analyser l’effet que la période d’acquisition de la L2 (ou âge d’acquisition) et l’éducation immersive peuvent avoir sur le processus interlinguistique chez les bilingues très compétents. Les mots expérimentaux étaient composés de mots non apparentés (non-cognates), c’est-à-dire de mots abstraits à deux niveaux, dans quatre directions linguistiques (L1 > L1, L1 > L2, L2 > L1, L2 > L2), afin de comparer les effets d’amorçage monolingues et bilingues. Les groupes bilingues précoces et tardifs équilibrés (c’est-à-dire BPE et BTE) étaient comparables à de nombreux égards. Cependant, les bilingues moyennement équilibrés, qui avaient été exposés pendant plus de six ans après la période critique, présentaient des caractéristiques spécifiques. Avec une faible difficulté lexicale dans la direction L1 > L2, le groupe bilingue moyennement équilibré (BME) présentait une tendance similaire au groupe BPE, alors qu’il était analogue au groupe BTE lorsque la difficulté lexicale était élevée et que la direction linguistique était L2 > L1. Ces résultats peuvent être interprétés comme des preuves qui infirment l’hypothèse de la période critique, indiquant que la prédominance linguistique peut changer en raison de la période d’acquisition de la L2 et d’une éducation immersive. Contrairement à leur perception subjective, la langue maternelle de tous les groupes de sujets s’est avérée être le coréen, étant donné que tous les sujets, sans exception, étaient plus rapides pour décider des mots de l’anglais au coréen. Le facteur parental était limité à tous les Coréens, afin de contrôler les différences biologiques ; on en déduit à l’inverse que le facteur parental est le plus influent pour la dominance linguistique des bilingues précoces équilibrés.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Theoretical backgrounds
- 2.1Who are balanced bilinguals?
- 2.2Bilingual lexical processing and semantic representation
- 3.Method
- 3.1Participants
- 3.2Material
- 3.3Apparatus and procedures
- 4.Findings
- 4.1Is the Revised Hierarchical Model supported in the abstract condition for balanced bilinguals?
- 4.2What factors affect bilingual language processing?
- 5.Discussions and conclusion
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