Arabic audiovisual translation of taboo words in American hip hop movies
A contrastive study
Published online: 14 May 2019
https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00090.aly
https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00090.aly
Abstract
This study aims to investigate and identify the connotative equivalence of taboo words in American hip hop/musical movies and their Arabic correspondence in the subtitle/Audiovisual Translation (AVT). The sample of this study consists of English subtitles and their Arabic fansubs of three of the most profane American hip hop movies: 8 Mile, Straight Outta Compton, and All Eyez on Me. The study analyzed the data qualitatively and quantitatively. The researchers adopted Ljung, M. 2011. Swearing: A Cross-Cultural Linguistic Study. Houndmills Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. typology of swearing to identify the connotative functions of the English taboo words and examine how the corresponding Arabic translation conforms to them. The findings revealed that the Arab fan subtitler managed to translate these tabooed terms in Arabic using certain translation techniques, viz. euphemisms and omission. These are both mainly used for the same reason, i.e. cultural constraints. The subtitler used the ‘euphemistic swearing’ technique where the word remains a swear-word but the degree of offense and insult is milder and toned down (Montagu, A. 1967. The Anatomy of Swearing. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press.). The Arabic subtitles in the selected sample correspond to the connotative functions of English taboo words to a significant extent only when the translator used the euphemism technique. But the connotative functions misfired when the translator resorted to omission. Finally, the research provides some implications for translators when facing such hurdles in translation.
Keywords: audio-visual translation (AVT), connotation, subtitles, taboo, translation
Résumé
Cette étude a pour objectif d’examiner et d’identifier l’équivalence connotative entre des mots tabous dans les films musicaux/de hip-hop américains et leurs correspondances arabes, dans la traduction audiovisuelle/de sous-titres. L’échantillon de cette étude comprend des sous-titres anglais et leurs sous-titres arabes, tirés de trois des films de hip-hop américains les plus grossiers : 8 Mile, Straight Outta Compton et All Eyez on Me. L’étude a procédé à l’analyse qualitative des données. Le chercheur a utilisé la typologie des jurons de Ljung, M. 2011. Swearing: A Cross-Cultural Linguistic Study. Houndmills Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. pour identifier les fonctions connotatives des mots tabous anglais et examiner comment la traduction arabe correspondante s’y conformait. Les résultats révèlent que le sous-titreur arabe a réussi à traduire ces termes tabous en utilisant certaines techniques de traduction, à savoir les euphémismes et les omissions. Les deux techniques sont utilisées principalement pour la même raison, c’est-à-dire des contraintes culturelles. Le sous-titreur a utilisé la technique des ‘jurons euphémiques’, dans laquelle le terme reste un juron, mais avec un degré d’offense et d’insulte plus modéré et atténué (Montagu, A. 1967. The Anatomy of Swearing. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press.). Les sous-titres arabes dans l’échantillon sélectionné ne correspondent largement aux fonctions connotatives des mots tabous anglais que lorsque le traducteur a utilisé la technique de l’euphémisme. En revanche, les fonctions connotatives se sont soldées par un échec lorsque le traducteur a eu recours à l’omission. Enfin, le chercheur donne quelques indications sur la manière dont les traducteurs peuvent réagir lorsqu’ils sont confrontés à de tels obstacles dans une traduction.
Mots-clés : traduction audiovisuelle (TAV), connotation, sous-titres, tabou, traduction
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Euphemism and taboo
- 3.Literature review
- 3.1Theoretical background
- 3.2Empirical background
- 4.Methodology
- 4.1Sample
- 4.2Data collection
- 4.3Data analysis
- 4.3.1Stand-alone functions
- 4.3.2Slot fillers
- 4.4Validity of data analysis
- 5.Results
- 5.1Stand-alone functions: Expletive interjections
- 5.2Stand-alone functions: Curses
- 5.3Stand-alone functions: Name-calling
- 5.4Slot fillers: Emphasis
- 5.5Slot fillers: Anaphoric use of epithets
- 5.6Replacive swearing
- 6.Zero correspondence
- 7.Discussion and conclusion
- 8.Implications and recommendations
- Notes
References
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