Multiplicity in lieu of authority
Translations of classical Chinese poetry online
Published online: 27 November 2018
https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00058.ste
https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.00058.ste
Abstract
Over the past two decades, internet users have been the prolific producers of online English translations of
Chinese classical poetry, resulting in multiple variant translations of the same short originals. This essay gives reasons for the
popularity of such translations before examining how this corpus can be approached through ‘near-simultaneous reading.’ A case
study of ten amateur internet translations of a line from a well-known Tang poem shows how, regardless of the deficiencies or
limits of any single internet translation, a richer and more accurate understanding of the original can be achieved through
reading several in succession. Insofar as it refrains from privileging any given translation, near-simultaneous reading allows the
polysemy of the original to be respected by encounters with multiple versions, and puts the onus of meaning-creation on the
reader. Reading in this fashion opens new avenues for imagining the multiple meanings of an original text via variants experienced
in quick succession and assembled uniquely.
Résumé
Au cours des quinze dernières années, les utilisateurs d’Internet ont produit une profusion de
traductions en ligne de la poésie classique chinoise en anglais, ce qui a conduit à de multiples variantes de traductions de
courts textes originaux identiques. Cet essai explique les raisons de la popularité de ces traductions, avant d’examiner
comment ce corpus peut être abordé par le biais d’une ‘lecture quasi-simultanée.’ Une étude de dix traductions amateurs en
ligne d’un vers tiré d’un poème très connu de l’ère Tang montre comment, quelles que soient les lacunes ou
les limites d’une traduction en ligne unique, on peut arriver à une compréhension plus riche et plus précise de
l’original, si on lit successivement plusieurs traductions. Dans la mesure où elle s’abstient de privilégier une
traduction donnée, une lecture quasi-simultanée permet à la polysémie de l’original d’être respectée par la
confrontation à de multiples versions, et la responsabilité de la création d’un sens appartient alors au lecteur. Ce mode
de lecture ouvre de nouvelles pistes pour imaginer les multiples significations d’un texte original en se confrontant à
une rapide succession de variantes, assemblées de manière unique.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Near-simultaneous reading of multiple translations
- 3.Case study: A line from Wang Zhihuan’s “Climbing Stork Tower”
- Notes
References
References (24)
Adamson, Bob. 2004. China’s English: A History of English in Chinese Education. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Bruneaud-Wheal, Karine. 2010. “(M)oralité et traduction: les voix de Huck”. ([M]orality and translation: Huck’s voices). Glottopol: revue de sociolinguistique en ligne 151: 135–158. [URL]
Hu, Guangwei. 2008. “The Misleading Academic Discourse on Chinese-English Bilingual Education in China”. Review of Educational Research 78 (1): 190–226.
Inwood, Heather. 2014. Verse Going Viral: China’s New Media Scenes. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Kiili, Carita. 2012. Online Reading as an Individual and Social Practice: Tensions between Individual and Organizational Development. Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä. Ebook.
Kwong, Charles Yim-tze. 1994. Tao Qian and the Chinese poetic tradition: the quest for cultural identity. Ann Arbor (MI): University of Michigan.
Leu, Donald J.; Carita Kiili; and Elena Forzani. 2016. “Individual Differences in the New Literacies of Online Research and Comprehension”. In Handbook of Individual Differences in Reading: Reader, Text, and Context, ed. by Peter Afflerbach, 259–272. London: Routledge.
Li Wenjing. 2015. “Crowdsourcing Translation in China: Features and Implications”. In Translation and Academic Journals, ed. by Yifeng Sun, 149–164. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Li Xinchao (李新朝) et al. 2007. 《哈克贝利·费恩历险记重译是“操纵”的必然》 Hākèbèilì·Fèi’ēn lìxiǎn jì chóngyì shì “cāozòng” de bìrán (The Retranslations of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn are the Inevitable Result of ‘Manipulation’). 江苏大学学报(社会科学版) Jiāngsū dàxué xuébào shèhuì kēxué bǎn 9 (4): 75–78.
Liu, Ziming. 2005. “Reading Behavior in the Digital Environment: Changes in Reading Behavior over the Past Ten Years”. Journal of documentation 61 (6): 700–712.
Marton, Ference; Qiufang Wen; and Kam Wong. 2005. “‘Read a Hundred Times and the Meaning Will Appear …’ Changes in Chinese University Students’ Views of the Temporal Structure of Learning”. Higher Education 49 (3): 291–318.
O’Hagan, Minako. 2009. “Evolution of User-Generated Translation: Fansubs, Translation Hacking and Crowdsourcing”. The Journal of Internationalization and Localization 1 (1): 94–121.
Schulte, Rainer. 1988. “Multiple Translations: An Interpretive Perspective”. Translation Review 28 (1): 1–2.
Trahan, Elizabeth Welt. 1988. “The Reader as Synthesizer: An Approach to Poetry Translation”. Translation Review 28 (1): 3–6.
van Crevel, Maghiel. 2005. “Not Quite Karaoke: Poetry in Contemporary China”. China Quarterly 1831: 644–669.
Weinberger, Eliot; Wei Wang; and Octavio Paz. 1987. Nineteen Ways of Looking at Wang Wei: How a Chinese Poem Is Translated. Mount Kisco (N.Y): Moyer Bell.
Yan Haifeng (颜海峰). 2008. 《从王之涣“白日”意象英译及其回译看古诗翻译》 Cóng Wáng Zhīhuàn ‘báirì’ yì xiàng yīng yì jí qí huíyì kàn gǔshī fānyì (A look at the translation of traditional poetry through the English translation and back-translation of Wang Zhiguan’s image ‘bairi’). 山东行政学院山东省经济管理干部学院学报 Shāndōng Xíngzhèng Xuéyuàn Shāndōng Sheng Jīngjì Guǎnlǐ Gànbù Xuéyuàn Xuébào 11: 13–16.
Cited by (1)
Cited by one other publication
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 14 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
