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Article published In: Linguistics in the Netherlands 2018
Edited by Bert Le Bruyn and Janine Berns
[Linguistics in the Netherlands 35] 2018
► pp. 97–110

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Gender-mismatching pronouns in context

The interpretation of possessive pronouns in Dutch and Limburgian

 | Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University
 | Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University | Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics
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Available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) 4.0 license.

For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at rights@benjamins.nl.

Published online: 3 December 2018
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https://doi.org/10.1075/avt.00007.pie
Abstract
Gender-(mis)matching pronouns have been studied extensively in experiments. However, a phenomenon common to various languages has thus far been overlooked: the systemic use of non-feminine pronouns when referring to female individuals. The present study is the first to provide experimental insights into the interpretation of such a pronoun: Limburgian zien ‘his/its’ and Dutch zijn ‘his/its’ are grammatically ambiguous between masculine and neuter, but while Limburgian zien can refer to women, the Dutch equivalent zijn cannot. Employing an acceptability judgment task, we presented speakers of Limburgian (N = 51) with recordings of sentences in Limburgian featuring zien, and speakers of Dutch (N = 52) with Dutch translations of these sentences featuring zijn. All sentences featured a potential male or female antecedent embedded in a stereotypically male or female context. We found that ratings were higher for sentences in which the pronoun could refer back to the antecedent. For Limburgians, this extended to sentences mentioning female individuals. Context further modulated sentence appreciation. Possible mechanisms regarding the interpretation of zien as coreferential with a female individual will be discussed.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Method
    • 2.1Participants
    • 2.2Materials and design
    • 2.3Procedure
    • 2.4Analysis
  • 3.Results
  • 4.Discussion
    • 4.1Limburgian zien ‘his/its’ can refer to women
    • 4.2Exploring the effect of stereotype context
  • 5.Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
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