Cover not available

Article published In: Fifty years of agenda-setting research: Volume II
Edited by Chris J. Vargo
[The Agenda Setting Journal 3:1] 2019
► pp. 82–102

Get fulltext from our e-platform
JBE logo with link
PDF logo with download linkDownload PDF
authorization required

The pictures in our pages

Intermedia visual agenda setting between the Associated Press and US newspapers

 | The University of Texas at Austin
 | Minia University, Egypt
Published online: 2 January 2019
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/asj.18009.lou
Abstract
This exploratory study continues early first-level work on intermedia visual agenda setting, which asks what influences the visual media agenda, and extends it into the third level of network analysis. The top visual agenda of the Associated Press is compared to the top visual agenda of 45 U.S. newspapers (divided into three tiers of circulation) over two constructed weeks. Findings indicate some transfer of the visual agenda at both the first and third levels. Additionally, the networked visual agenda has a moderate significant correlation to all newspapers. Sports and local vs. national/international coverage are identified as key aspects of authority over how the visual agendas are formed and transferred. While the AP places sports images high on the visual agenda, newspapers relegate them to inside pages unless they are important events. Smaller-circulation papers put fewer international topics on their front page than medium and high-circulation newspapers.
Article outline
  • Literature review
    • News agencies as a media source
    • Intermedia agenda setting
    • First level intermedia agenda setting
    • Third level intermedia agenda setting
    • Visual agenda setting
    • Intermedia visual agenda setting
  • Method
    • Data collection and analysis
    • Data analysis
  • Results
  • Discussion
  • Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
References (50)
References
Arpan, L., Baker, K., Lee, Y., Jung, T., Lorusso, L., & Smith, J. (2006). News coverage of social protests and the effects of photographs and prior attitudes. Mass Communication and Society, 9(1), 1–20. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bandar, Ashwaq. (2013). World news agencies. Are you still the main source of news? Retrieved from [URL]
Breed, W. (1955). Social control in the newsroom: A functional analysis, Social forces, 33 (4), 326–335. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Boumans, J. W. (2016). Outsourcing the news? An empirical assessment of the role of sources and news agencies in the contemporary news landscape. The Amsterdam School of Communication Research, Department of Communication. University of Amsterdam.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Boumans, J. W., Vliegenthart, R., & Boomgaarden, H. G. (2016). Nuclear voices in the news: A comparison of source, news agency and newspaper content about nuclear energy over time. European Journal of Communication, 31 (3), 260–282. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Borgatti, S. (2002). NetDraw Software for network visualization. Lexington, KY: Analytic Technologies.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Borgatti, S., Everett, M., & Freeman, L. (2002). Ucinet for Windows: Software for social network analysis. Harvard, MA: Analytic Technologies.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Coleman, R., & Wu, H. D. (2015). Image and emotion in voter decisions: The affect agenda. Lexington Books.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
D’Andréa, C., & Careta, I. C. (2013). Intermedia agenda setting in the 2012 election: relations between social media and regional web journals in two Brazilian capital cities. Revista da Associação Nacional dos Programas de Pós-Graduação em, 16 (2), 1–14.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Du, Y. R. (2013). Inter-media agenda-setting in the age of globalization: A multinational agenda setting test. Global Media and Communication, 9 (1), 19–36. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Fahmy, S., Kelly, J. D., & Kim, Y. S. (2007). What Katrina Revealed: A Visual Analysis of the Hurricane Coverage by News Wires and U.S. Newspapers. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 84(3), 546–561. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Freelon, D. (2010). ReCal: Intercoder reliability calculation as a web service. International Journal of Internet Science, 5(1), 20–33.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Gibson, R., & Zillmann, D. (2000). Reading between the photographs: The influence of incidental pictorial information on issue perception. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 77(2), 355–366. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Gold, D., & Simmons, J. L. (1965). News selection patterns among Iowa dailies. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 29(3), 425–430. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Heim, K. (2013). Framing the 2008 Iowa democratic caucuses political blogs and second level inter-media agenda setting. Journalism and mass communication quarterly, 90 (3), 500–519. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Jang, S. (2010). Inter-media agenda-setting effects between internet bulletin boards and traditional news media in US and Korean presidential campaigns. Doctor of Philosophy, University of Texas at Austin, Faculty of the Graduate School, Austin, TX.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kramer, M. (2015). Why does local matter? Let’s ask our audience. Retrieved from [URL]
Ku, G., Kaid, L., & Pfau, M. (2003). The Impact of web site campaigning on traditional news media and public information processing. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 80 (3), 528–547. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kushin, M. J. (2010). Tweeting the issues in the age of social media? Intermedia agenda setting between New York Times and Twitter. Doctor of Philosophy, Washington state University, Edward R. Murrow College of Communication.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Landis, J. R. & Koch, G. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 159–174. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lee, K. J., Lee, B., & Lancendorfer, K. M. (2005). Agenda setting and the internet: The Inter-media influence of internet bulletin boards on newspaper coverage of the 2000 general election in South Korea. Asian Journal of Communication, 15 (1), 57–71. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lim, J. (2006). A cross-lagged analysis of agenda setting among online news media. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 831, 298–312. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
McCombs, M. (2005). A look at agenda setting: past, present and future. Journalism Studies, 6 (4), 543–557. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
McCombs, M. E. (2014). Setting the agenda: The Mass Media and Public Opinion (2nd ed.). Malden, USA: Polity Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Meraz, S. (2016). An expanded perspective on network agenda setting between traditional media and Twitter political discussion groups in “every day talk”. In L. Guo, & M. McCombs, The power of information networks: new directions for agenda setting (1st ed., p. 235). New York: Routledge.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Miller, A., & LaPoe, V. (2016). Visual agenda-setting, emotion, and the BP Oil disaster. Visual Communication Quarterly, 23(1), 53–63. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Miller, A., & Roberts, S. (2010). Visual agenda-setting & proximity after Hurricane Katrina: A study of those closest to the event. Visual Communication Quarterly, 17(1), 31–46. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mohammed, S. (2013). The role of science journalism in providing university students with health information within media richness theory “a survey study”, Master thesis, Minia University, Faculty of Arts, Media department, Egypt.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2018). Inter-media agenda setting between Egyptian and international online newspapers within the framework of political groups’ agenda. PhD in Media, Minia University, Faculty of Arts, EgyptGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Pollock, J. (2007). Tilted mirrors: media alignment with political and social change: a community structure approach, Hampton Press, Cresskill, NJ.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Qian, X. (2009). Inter-media agenda setting effects among Chinese newspapers, Chinese blogs of the Beijing 2008 Olympic games. Master of science, Iowa State university.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Reisner, A. E. (1992). The news conference: How daily newspaper editors construct the front page. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 69(4), 971–986. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Riffe, D., Aust, C. F., & Lacy, S. R. (1993). The effectiveness of random, consecutive day and constructed week sampling in newspaper content analysis. Journalism Quarterly, 70(1), 133–139. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Roberts, M., Wanta, W., & Dzwo, T.-H. (2002). Agenda setting and issue salience online. Communication Research, 29 (4), 452–465. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Sikanku, E. G. (2013). Inter-media agenda-setting in Ghana newspapers Vs. online and state Vs. private. Master of Science, Iowa state university.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2014). Consolidating inter-media agenda-setting research in Ghana: A study of associational relationships among wire, online, and print news media. Journal of Black Studies, 45 (5), 396–414. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Silver, N. C., & Dunlap, W. P. (1987). Averaging correlation coefficients: Should Fisher’s z transformation be used? Journal of Applied Psychology, 72(1), 146. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Stempel, G. H. (1952). Sample size for classifying subject matter in dailies. Journalism Quarterly, 29(3), 333–334. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Sweetser, K. D., Golan, G. J., & Wanta, W. (2008). Intermedia agenda setting in television, advertising, and blogs during the 2004 election. Mass Communication and Society, 11 (2). Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
The New York Times. (2017). Journalism That Stands Apart. Retrieved from [URL]
Todd, R. (1983). New York Times advisories and national/international news selection. Journalism Quarterly, 60, 676, 705–708. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Vargo, C. J., & Guo, L. (2016). Networks, big data, and intermedia agenda setting: An analysis of traditional, partisan and emerging online US news. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 1–25.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Vu, H., Guo, L., & McCombs, M. (2014). Exploring the world outside and the pictures in our heads: A network agenda setting study. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 911, 669–686. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wallesten, K. (2007). Agenda setting and the blogosphere: An analysis of the relationship between mainstream media and political blogs. Review of Policy Research, 24 (6), 567–587. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wanta, W. (1988). The effects of dominant photographs: An agenda-setting experiment. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 65(1), 107–111.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
White, D. M. (1950). The “gate keeper”: A case study in the selection of news. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 383–390Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Welbers, K., Atteveldt, W. v., Kleinnijenhuis, J., & Ruigrok, N. (2016). A gatekeeper among gatekeepers: News agency influence in print and online newspapers in the Netherlands. Journalism Studies, 1–20.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Whitney, C., & Becker, B. (1982). “Keeping the Gates” for Gatekeepers: The effects of wire news. Journalism Quarterly, 59(1), 60–65. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Yu, J. J., & Aikat, D. (2005). News on the Web: Agenda setting of online news in Web sites of major newspaper, television and online news services. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association . New York.
Cited by (4)

Cited by four other publications

de Carvalho, Raiana, Martina Santia & Srividya Ramasubramanian
2025. Framing the Yanomami: decolonial analysis of U.S coverage of Indigenous people in Brazil during COVID-19. Ethnic and Racial Studies 48:2 ► pp. 346 ff. DOI logo
Haught, Matthew J. & David L. Morris
2025. America’s front pages: A 40-year update. News Research Journal DOI logo
Ebere Odoemelam, Chika
2023. Newspaper Framing of Oil Pollution. In Journalism - The Ethical Dilemma, DOI logo
Funk, Marcus & Burton Speakman
2021. Setting a Q-uestionable attribute agenda. The Agenda Setting Journal 5:2 ► pp. 244 ff. DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 14 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

Mobile Menu Logo with link to supplementary files background Layer 1 prag Twitter_Logo_Blue