Article published In: Fifty years of agenda-setting research: Volume I
Edited by Chris J. Vargo
[The Agenda Setting Journal 2:2] 2018
► pp. 145–167
r/Agenda_rejection
Attribute agenda-setting resistance between horizontal Reddit pages and vertical news coverage
Published online: 13 November 2018
https://doi.org/10.1075/asj.18008.fun
https://doi.org/10.1075/asj.18008.fun
Abstract
Reddit communities focused on Christianity demonstrate significant resistance to mainstream news media attribute agendas on
Christianity and Christians. This computerized content analysis of five years of news coverage and survey responses from 113
Redditors found digital community members soundly rejected mainstream news attribute agendas. Data point to the strength and
independence of digital communities to meld and define their own agendas and rhetoric while affirming both a need for orientation
and previous research establishing limited agenda-setting effects regarding religion.
Article outline
- Literature review
- Agenda setting & agenda melding
- Imagined community
- Methodology
- Results
- Discussion
- Limitations and opportunities for future research
References
References (65)
Anderson, B. (2006). Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism (Revised). London, UK: Verso.
Anyefru, E. (2008). Cyber-nationalism: The imagined Anglophone Cameroon community in cyberspace. African Identities, 61, 253–274.
Avieson, B. (2015). From mani stones to Twitter: Bhutan creates a unique media matrix for a 21st-century democracy. International Journal of Communication, 91, 2487–2506.
Becker, L., & McCombs, M. (1978). The role of the press in determining voter reactions to presidential primaries. Human Communication Research, 41, 301–307.
Bowe, B. J., Fahmy, S., & Wanta, W. (2013). Missing religion: Second level agenda setting and Islam in American newspapers. International Communication Gazette, 751, 636–652.
Breslow, H., & Allagui, I. (2012). The Internet, fixity, and flow: Challenges to the articulation of an imagined community. In H. Breslow & A. Mousoutzanis (Eds.), At the interface / Probing the boundaries: Vol. 83. Cybercultures: Mediations of community, culture, politics (pp. 101–123). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Brill | Rodopi.
Camaj, L., & Weaver, D. H. (2013). Need for orientation and attribute agenda-setting during a U.S. election campaign. International Journal of Communication, 71, 1442–1463.
Cimino, R., & Smith, C. (2011). The new atheism and the formation of the imagined secularist community. Journal of Media & Religion, 101, 24–38.
Coleman, R., & Banning, S. (2006). Network TV news’ affective framing of the presidential candidates: Evidence for a second-level agenda-setting effect through visual framing. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 831, 313–328.
De Maio, M., Alkazemi, M., & Wanta, W. (2016). An examination of the Roman Catholic Church’s agenda-setting function in Argentina. Journal of Media & Religion, 151, 15–28.
Dill, R. K., & Wu, H. D. (2009). Coverage of Katrina in local, regional, national newspapers. Newspaper Research Journal, 30(1), 6–20.
Du, Y. R., & Wong, J. (2013). Greater newspaper use increases agreement on public issues. Newspaper Research Journal, 34(3), 60–71.
Erol, A. E. (2013). “Please don’t be Turk, BE GREEK, BE ARMENIAN”: Agency and deixis across virtualized Turkish imagined community. International Journal of Communication, 71, 741–758.
Funk, M. J., & McCombs, M. (2017). Strangers on a theoretical train. Journalism Studies, 181, 845–865.
Hansen, E. K., & Hansen, G. L. (2012). Community crisis and community newspapers: A case study of The Licking Valley Courier. Grassroots Editor, 53(3–4), 8–12.
Hanusch, F. (2014). Dimensions of Indigenous journalism culture: Exploring Māori news-making in Aotearoa New Zealand. Journalism, 15(8), 951–967.
Hart, R. P., & Carroll, C. (2010). DICTION: The text analysis program (Version 6.0) [Computer software]. Retrieved from [URL]
Heim, K. (2015). Need for orientation predicts reporters’ reliance on blogs. Newspaper Research Journal, 361, 455–468.
Jarvis, S. E. (2004). Partisan patterns in presidential campaign speeches, 1948–2000. Communication Quarterly, 521, 403–419.
Kennedy, J., Meese, J., & van der Nagel, E. (2016). Regulation and social practice online. Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies, 301, 146–157.
Koebler, J. (2016, June 13). Orlando shooting response shows Reddit can’t be the “front page of the Internet.” Vice News. Retrieved from [URL]
Laskin, A. V. (2014). Strategic financial communication. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 81, 127–129.
Lauterer, J. (2006). Community journalism: Relentlessly local. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
Lee, E.-J., & Oh, S. Y. (2013). Seek and you shall find? How need for orientation moderates knowledge gain from Twitter Use. Journal of Communication, 631, 745–765.
Lee, J. K. (2015). Knowledge as a measure of news reception in the agenda-setting process. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 591, 22–40.
Lee, N. Y. (2016). Two different motivations on agenda setting: Need for orientation and motivated reasoning. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 281, 484–510.
Lim, M. (2012). Life is local in the imagined global community: Islam and politics in the Indonesian blogosphere. Journal of Media & Religion, 111, 127–140.
Luo, Y. (2013). Mapping agenda-setting research in China: A meta-analysis study. Chinese Journal of Communication, 61, 269–285.
Massanari, A. (2017). #Gamergate and The Fappening: How Reddit’s algorithm, governance, and culture support toxic technocultures. New Media & Society, 191, 329–346.
Matar, D., & Dakhlallah, F. (2006). What it means to be Shiite in Lebanon: Al Manar and the imagined community of resistance. Westminster Papers in Communication & Culture, 3(2), 22–40.
Matthes, J. (2008). Need for orientation as a predictor of agenda-setting effects: Causal evidence from a two-wave panel study. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 201, 440–453.
McCombs, M., Lopez-Escobar, E., & Llamas, J. P. (2000). Setting the agenda of attributes in the 1996 Spanish general election. Journal of Communication, 50(2), 77–92.
McCombs, M., & Shaw, D. (1972). The agenda-setting function of mass media. Public Opinion Quarterly, 361, 176–187.
Meese, J. (2014). “It belongs to the Internet”: Animal images, attribution norms and the politics of amateur media production. M/C Journal, 17(2), 1–1.
Milner, R. M. (2013). Pop polyvocality: Internet memes, public participation, and the Occupy Wall Street movement. International Journal of Communication, 71, 2357–2390.
Muddiman, A., Jomini Stroud, N., & McCombs, M. (2014). Media fragmentation, attribute agenda setting, and political opinions about Iraq. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 581, 215–233.
Neilan, D. (2017, June 8). Reddit isn’t terrible if you only look at its best and dumbest subreddits. A.V. Club. Retrieved from [URL]
Nelson, C. R., Britten, B., & Troilo, J. (2015). Appalachian culture and female newspaper editors’ career paths in West Virginia. Community Journalism, 4(2). Retrieved from [URL]
Noelle-Neumann, E. (1984). The spiral of silence: Public opinion, our social skin. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Noguti, V. (2016). Post language and user engagement in online content communities. European Journal of Marketing, 501, 695–723.
Ohlheiser, A. (2016, October 14). Ken Bone was a “hero.” Now Ken Bone is “bad.” It was his destiny as a human meme. The Washington Post. Retrieved from [URL]
Olsson, E.-K., & Hammargård, K. (2016). The rhetoric of the president of the European Commission: Charismatic leader or neutral mediator? Journal of European Public Policy, 231, 550–570.
Published materials: Scholarly research using the Diction program. (2018, June). Retrieved from [URL]
Ragas, M. W., & Roberts, M. S. (2009). Agenda setting and agenda melding in an age of horizontal and vertical media: A new theoretical lens for virtual brand communities. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 861, 45–64.
Reader, B. (2007). Air mail: NPR sees “community” in letters from listeners. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 511, 651–669.
Reddit metrics. (2017a). New reddits by month (How Reddit grew over time). Retrieved from [URL]
Shaw, D. L., Hamm, B. J., & Knott, D. L. (2000). Technological change, agenda challenge and social melding: Mass media studies and the four ages of place, class, mass and space. Journalism Studies, 11. Retrieved from [URL]
Shaw, D. L., & Weaver, D. H. (2014). Epilogue: Media agenda-setting and audience agenda-melding. In M. McCombs (Ed.), Setting the agenda (2nd ed., pp. 145–150). Malden, MA: Polity Press.
Spencer, A. T. (2013). High-end immigrants create an imagined community in Costa Rica: Examining the evolving discourse in ethnic-minority media. Human Communication, 16(1), 13–30.
Steinbuch, Y. (2016, October 14). Ken Bone is actually kind of an awful guy. The New York Post. Retrieved from [URL]
Symeou, P. C., Bantimaroudis, P., & Zyglidopoulos, S. C. (2015). Cultural agenda setting and the role of critics: An empirical examination in the market for art-house films. Communication Research, 421, 732–754.
Tan, Y., & Weaver, D. H. (2013). Agenda diversity and agenda setting from 1956 to 2004. Journalism Studies, 141, 773–789.
Valenzuela, S., & Chernov, G. (2016). Explicating the values-issue consistency hypothesis through need for orientation. Canadian Journal of Communication, 411, 49–64.
Vargo, C. J., Guo, L., McCombs, M., & Shaw, D. L. (2014). Network issue agendas on Twitter during the 2012 U.S. presidential election. Journal of Communication, 641, 296–316.
Wasike, B. S. (2011). Framing social news sites: An analysis of the top ranked stories on Reddit and Digg. Southwestern Mass Communication Journal, 27(1), 57–67.
Wright, L. L. (2016). Perceptions about posting: A survey of community journalists about social media postings. Community Journalism, 5(1), 24–40.
