Cover not available

Article published In: The Agenda Setting Journal
Vol. 1:1 (2017) ► pp.63–101

Get fulltext from our e-platform
JBE logo with link
PDF logo with download linkDownload PDF
authorization required

Redirecting the agenda

Agenda-setting in the online Era

 | University of Haifa
 | Ludwig-Maximillans-Universität
Published online: 2 March 2017
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/asj.1.1.06wei
Abstract
Since its initial introduction, the paradigm of agenda-setting has become more refined and complex. In addition to the introduction of intervening factors the agenda-setting paradigm is now challenged by a rapidly changing media environment. This paper reviews the impact of online media technologies and digital platforms on the basic assumptions of the theory. The review sets out to reassess the conceptualization of the agenda-setting theorem by highlighting the development of new processes, attributes and features applicable to the online media. Our review, based on the findings of numerous studies on new media and agenda-setting, suggests several modifications of the basic theory.
Article outline
  • Introduction
    • First and second levels
    • Differentiation of agendas
    • Individual and group differences
    • Differences across issues
    • Differences across media
  • The new media environment
  • New agenda for agenda-setting research
    • Trend 1: What is now the media agenda?
    • Trend 2: Who sets the media agenda now?
    • Trend 3: Dynamic agenda-setting
    • Trend 4: Agenda-setting or agenda diffusion?
    • Trend 5: Individual differences
  • Re-evaluating the agenda-setting assumptions
  • Conclusion
  • Notes
  • References
References (163)
References
Althaus, S. L. (2002). American News Consumption during Times of National Crisis. Political Science & Politics, 31, 517–521. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Althaus, S. L., & Tewksbury, D. (2002). Agenda-setting and the “new” news: Patterns of issue importance among readers of the paper and online versions of the New York Times. Communication Research, 29(2), 180–207.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Anderson, C. (2006). The long tail: Why the future of business is selling more of less. New York: Hyperion.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Balmas, M., & Sheafer, T. (2010). Candidate Image in Election Campaigns: Attribute Agenda Setting, Affective Priming, and Voting Intentions. International Journal of Public Opinion Research 22 (2): 204–229. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Barzilai-Nahon, K. (2006). Gatekeepers, virtual communities and their gated: Multidimensional tensions in cyberspace. International Journal of Communications, Law and Policy 111, 1–28.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2008). Toward a theory of network gatekeeping: A framework for exploring information control. Journal of the American Information Science and Technology 59 (9), 1–20.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Baum, M. A. & Groeling T. (2008). Online media and the polarization of American political discourse, Political Communication, 251, 345–365. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bennett, L. (2004). Gatekeeping and press-government relations: A multi-gated model of news construction. In L. Kaid, (Ed.), The handbook of political communication (pp. 283–313). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bennett, L. & Iyengar, S. (2008). A new era of minimal effects? The changing foundations of political communication. Journal of Communication, 581, 707–731. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Berkowitz, D. (1992). Who sets the media agenda? The ability of policymakers to determine news decisions. In J. D. Kennamer (Ed.), Public opinion, the press, and public policy (pp. 81–102). Westport, CT: Praeger.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Birkland, T. A. (1997). After Disaster: Agenda Setting, Public Policy, and Focusing Events. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Boczkowski, P. J. & de Santos, M. (2007). When more media equals less news: Patterns of content homogenization in Argentina’s leading print and online newspapers, Political Communication 24(2), 167–180. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Boyd, D., Golder, S., and Lotan, G. (2010). Tweet tweet retweet: Conversational aspects of retweeting on Twitter, Proceedings of HICSS-43. Kauai, HI January 5–8.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Branum, J. M. (2001). The blogging phenomenon- An overview and theoretical consideration. Final Paper for MC 5303- Theories of Mass Communication, Southwest Texas State University, TX.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Brosius, H.-B., & Kepplinger, H. M. (1990). The agenda-setting function of television news: Static and dynamic views. Communication Research, 171, 183–211. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Brosius, H.-B., & Weimann, G. (1996). Who sets the agenda? Agenda-setting as a two-step flow. Communication Research, 23(5), 562–581. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bruns, A. (2005). Gatewatching: Collaborative online news production. New York: Peter Lang.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bruns A. (2009). Blogs, Wikipedia, Second Life, and beyond: From production to produsage. New York, NY, USA: Peter Lang.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bryant, J. and Zillmann, D. (2009). A retrospective and prospective look at media effects. In R. Nabi & M. B. Oliver (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of media processes and effects (pp. 9–18). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Campbell, V., Gibson, R. Gunter, B., and Touri M. (2009). “News Blogs, Mainstream News and News Agendas”, in S. Tunney & G. Monaghan (Eds.), Web Journalism: A New Form of Citizenship, Eastbourne: Sussex Academic Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Chadwick, A. (2013). The hybrid media system: Politics and power. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Chaffee, S. H., & Metzger, M. J. (2001). The end of mass communication? Mass Communication and Society, 4(4), 365–379. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Collister, S. (2008). Networked Journalism or pain in the RSS?: An examination of political bloggers and media agenda-setting in the UK. Paper presented at the Politics: Web 2.0 International Conference, April 17–18, 2008.. London: Royal Holloway, University of London.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Conway, B. A., Kenski, K., & Wang, D., 2015). The rise of Twitter in the political campaign: Searching for intermedia agenda-setting effects in the presidential primary. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 20(4), 363–380.
CrossRef DOI logo with hyperlink to permanent DOI
Conway, M., & Patterson, J. R. (2008). Today’s top story? An agenda-setting and recall experiment involving television and internet news. Southwestern Mass Communication Journal, 24(1), 31–48.)Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cornfield, M., Carson, J., Kalis, A., & Simon, E. (2005). Buzz, blogs, and beyond: The Internet and the national discourse in the fall of 2004. Pew Internet & American Life Project. Retrieved August 3, 2014, from [URL]
Dearing, W., & Rogers, E. M. (1996). Agenda-setting. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Delwiche, A. (2005). Agenda setting, opinion leadership and the world of web logs. First Monday, 10(12). Retrieved July 28, 2014, from [URL]
Dick, M. (2011). Search engine optimization in UK news production.’ Journalism Practice 51, 462–477. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Downs, A. (1972): Up and down with ecology: The issue-attention cycle. Public Interest 281, 38–50.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Fahmy, N. (2010). Revealing the “agenda-cutting” through Egyptian blogs: An empirical study. Paper presented at the 11th International Symposium on Online Journalism University of Texas, Austin. Retrieved August 1, 2014 from [URL]
Farrell, H. & Drezner, D. W. (2008). The power and the politics of blogs. Public Choice, 1341, 15–30. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Friedrich, K., Keyling, T., & Brosius, H.-B. (2016). Gatekeeping revisited. In G. Vowe & P. Henn (Eds.), Political Communication in the Online World Theoretical Approaches and Research Designs (S. 59–72). New York: Routledge.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Fuchs, B. (2007). Bollywood-Fans meeting online and offline: Filmkultur im Internet, auf Stammtischen und bei Clubbings. Zeitschrift für Kulturwissenschaften 21, 69–84.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Gane, N., & Beer, D. (2008). New media. New York, N.Y.: Berg.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ghanem, S. (1997). Filling in the tapestry: The second level of agenda setting. In M. McCombs, D. L. Shaw, & D. Weaver (Eds.), Communication and Democracy (pp. 3–14). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Gleason S. (2010). Harnessing social media. American Journalism Review 32(1): 6–7.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Gomez-Rodriguez, M., Leskovec, J., & Krause, A. (2010). Inferring networks of diffusion and influence. Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Washington, DC, pp. 1019–1028. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Goode, L. (2009). Social news, citizen journalism and democracy. New Media & Society, 11(8), 1287–1305. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Groshek, J. & Groshek, M. K. (2013). Agenda trending: Reciprocity and the predictive capacity of social networking sites in intermedia agenda setting across topics over time.” Media and Communication, 11, 15–27. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Haake, G. , Gehrau, V., Väth, J. and Fretwurst, B. (2014). Issue definition and agenda-setting effects in communication research, Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, Hilton Metropole Hotel, London, 14 June. Retrieved July 22, 2014, from [URL]
Hargittai, E. (2004). The changing online landscape: From free-for-all to commercial gatekeeping. In P. Day, & D. Schuler (Eds.), Community practice in the network society: Local actions/global interaction (pp. 66–76). New York: Routledge.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Heim, K. (2013). Framing the 2008 Iowa democratic caucuses. Political blogs and second-level intermedia agenda setting. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 90(3), 500–519.
CrossRef DOI logo with hyperlink to permanent DOI
Hennessy, C. Martin, P. (2006). Blogs, the mainstream media, and the war in Iraq. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Philadelphia, PA, August 31. Retrieved July 22, 2014, from [URL]
Hermida A. (2010). Twittering the news: the emergence of ambient journalism. Journalism Practice 4(3), 1–12. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hermida, A., & Thurman, N. (2008). A clash of cultures: The integration of user-generated content within professional journalistic frameworks at British newspaper websites. Journalism Practice, 2(3), 343–356.
CrossRef DOI logo with hyperlink to permanent DOI
Herring, S., Kouper, I., Scheidt, L. A., & Wright, E. L. (2004). Women and children last: The discursive construction of weblogs. Into the blogosphere, Into the Blogsphere, Retrieved July 20, 2014, from [URL]
Hester, J. B., and R. Gibson (2007). The Agenda-setting function of national versus local media: A time-series analysis for the issue of same-sex marriage.” Mass Communication & Society, 10 (3): 299–317. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hestres, L. E. (2008). The Blogs of War: Online Activism, Agenda Setting and the Iraq war, paper presented at the annual meeting of the ISA’s 49th Annual Convention, March 26, 2008, San Francisco, USA.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hilgartner, S., & Bosk, C. L. (1988). The rise and fall of social problems: A public arenas model. American Iyengar, S., & Kinder, D. R. (1987). News that matters. Chicago : University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Huck, I., Quiring, O., & Brosius, H.-B. (2009): Perceptual Phenomena in the Agenda-Setting Process. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 21(2), 139–164. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Jönsson, A. M. & Örnebring, H. (2011) ‘User-generated content and the news Journal of Sociology, 941, 53–78.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Jungherr, A. (2014). The logic of political coverage on Twitter: Temporal dynamics and content, Journal of Communication, 641, 239–259. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Katz, E., & Lazarsfeld, P. F. (1955). Personal influence: The part played by people in the flow of mass communications. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kim, S. and T. Lee (2006). New functions of Internet mediated agenda-setting: Agenda-rippling and reversed agenda-setting”. Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies 50 (3), 175–205.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Knobloch-Westerwick, S., Sharma, N., Hansen, D. K., & Alter, S. (2005). Impact of popularity indications on readers’ selective exposure to online news. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 49(3), 296–313. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kosicki, G. M. (1993). Problems and opportunities in agenda-setting research. Journal of Communication, 431, 100–127. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kovach, B. & Rosensteil, T. (2007). The elements of journalism: What news people should know and the public should expect. New York: Three Rivers Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Krause, B. & Gehrau, V. (2007). Das Paradox der Medienwirkung auf Nichtnutzer. Eine Zeitreihenanalyse auf Tagesbasis zu den kurzfristigen Agenda-Setting-Effekten von Fernsehnachrichten. Publizistik, 52(2), 191–209. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kwak H., Lee C., Park, H., and Moon, S. (2010). What is Twitter, a social network or news media?. Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on World Wide Web, Raleigh, NC, USA, 26–30 April 2010. Retrieved June 30, 2014, from [URL]
Ku, G., Kaid, L. L., & Pfau, M. (2003). The impact of web site campaigning on traditional news media and public information processing. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 80(3), 528–547. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lasorsa, D. L., Lewis, S. C., & Holton, A. E. (2012). Normalizing Twitter. Journalism practice in an emerging communication space. Journalism Studies, 13(1), 19–36.
CrossRef DOI logo with hyperlink to permanent DOI
Leavitt, A., Burchard, E., Fisher, D., & Gilbert, S. (2009). The influentials: New approaches for analyzing influence on Twitter. Web Ecology Project, 41, 1–18. Retrieved July 2, 2014, from [URL]
Lee, A. M., Lewis, S. C., & Powers, M. (2014). Audience clicks and news placement. A study of time-lagged influence in online journalism. Communication Research, 41(4), 505–530.
CrossRef DOI logo with hyperlink to permanent DOI
Lee, J. K. (2007). The effect of the Internet on homogeneity of the media agenda: A test of the fragmentation thesis. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 84(4), 745–760. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lee, S. H. (2012). The end of the traditional gatekeepers, Journal of Communication, Culture & Technology, 121, 1–24.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Leino, J., Räihä, K.-J., & Finnberg, S. (2011). All the news that’s fit to read: Finding and recommending news online. In P. Campos, N. Graham, J. Jorge, P. Palanque, N. Nunes, & M. Winckler (Eds.), Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2011 (Vol. 31, pp. 169–186). Heidelberg: Springer. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Leskovec, J., Backstrom, L., & Kleinberg, J. (2009). Meme-tracking and the dynamics of the news cycle. Paper presented at the ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD), Paris, France. Retrieved July 10, 2014, [URL]
Lloyd, L., Kaulgud, P., & Skiena, S. (2005). Newspapers vs. blogs: Who gets the scoop? AAAI Symposium on Computational Approaches to Analyzing Weblogs (AAAI-CAAW 2006), Stanford University, March 27–29, 2006. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lotan, G., Graeff, E., Ananny, M., Gaffney, D., Pearce, I., & Boyd, d. (2011). The revolutions were tweeted: Information flows during the 2011 Tunisian and Egyptian revolutions. International Journal of Communication, 51, 1375–1405.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Maier, S. (2010). All the news fit to post? Comparing news content on the web to newspapers, television, and radio. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 87(3/4), 548–562. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Marwick, A. & Boyd, D. (2010, July 7). I tweet honestly, I tweet passionately: Twitter users, context collapse, and the imagined audience. New Media & Society. Retrieved August 3, 2014, from [URL]
Mathes, R. & Pfetsch, B. (1991). The role of the alternative press in the agenda-building process: Spill-over effects and media opinion leadership, European Journal of Communication, 61, 33–62. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Matzat, U. (2005). Die Einbettung der Online-Interaktion in soziale Netzwerke der Offline-Welt. Möglichkeiten der sozialen Gestaltung von Online-Grupen. In M. Jäckel & M. Mai (Eds.), Online-Vergesellschaftung? Mediensoziologische Perspektiven auf neue Kommunikationstechnologien (pp. 175–199). Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Maurer, M., & Holbach, T. (2015). Taking online search queries as an indicator of the public agenda: The role of public uncertainty. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly,
CrossRef DOI logo with hyperlink to permanent DOI
McCombs, M. E. (1997). New frontiers in agenda setting: Agendas of attributes and frames. Mass Communication Review, 24(1&2), 32–52.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2004). Setting the Agenda: The Mass Media and Public Opinion. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2005). A look at agenda-setting: Past, present and future. Journalism Studies, 6(4), 543–557. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2014). Setting the Agenda: The Mass Media and Public Opinion (2nd edition). Cambridge: Polity PressGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
McClellan, N. (2010). Members of congress respond to the political blogosphere. Thesis presented to the Faculty of the Graduated School at the University of Missouri, USA.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Meraz, S. (2007). The networked political blogosphere and mass media: Understanding how agendas are formed, framed, and transferred in the emerging new media environment. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Science, 68 (12-A).Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2009). Is there an elite hold? Traditional media to social media agenda setting influence in blog networks. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14(3), 682–707. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2011). The fight for ‘how to think’: Traditional media, social networks, and issueinterpretation. Journalism, 12(1), 107–127. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Meraz, S. and Papacharissi, Z. (2013). Networked Gatekeeping and Networked Framing on #egypt, The International Journal of Press/Politics XX(X) 1–29.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mesch, G. (2007). Social diversification: a perspective for the study of social networks of adolescents offine and online. In K. I. Bildung (Ed.), Grenzenlose Cyberwelt? Zum Verhältnis von digitaler Ungleichheit und neuen Bildungszugängen für Jugendliche (pp. 105–117). Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Messing, R. and Westwood, S. (2014). Selective exposure in the age of social media: Endorsements trump partisan source affiliation when selecting news online, Communication Research, 411, 1–23. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Messner, M. and Distaso, W. M. (2008). How traditional media and weblogs use each other as sources, Journalism Studies, 91, 447–463. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Metzgar, E. (2007). Blogsetting: Traditional media, agenda-setting & the blogosphere. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Southern Political Science Association, New Orleans, LA.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Metzger, M. J. (2009). The study of media effects in the era of Internet communication. In R. Nabi, & M. B. Oliver (Eds.), Handbook of Media Effects (pp. 561–576). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Murley, B., & Roberts, C. (2006). Biting the hand that feeds: Blogs and second-level agenda setting. Paper presented at the Southern Political Science Association. January 6, Atlanta, GA.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Newman, N., Levy, D. A. L., & Nielsen, R. K. (2015). Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2015. Oxford, UK: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Neuman, W. R., Guggenheim, L., Mo Jang, S., & Bae, S. Y. (2014). The dynamics of public attention: Agenda-setting theory meets big data. Journal of Communication, 64(2), 193–214.
CrossRef DOI logo with hyperlink to permanent DOI
Oegema, D., Kleinnijenhuis, J., Anderson, K., & Hoof, A. V. (2008). Flaming and blaming. The influence of mass media content on interactions in online discussions. In E. A. Konijn, S. Utz, M. Tanis & S. B. Barnes (Eds.), Mediated interpersonal communication (pp. 331–358). New York: Routledge.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Pan, Z., & Kosicki, G. M. (1993). Framing analysis: An approach to news discourse. Political Communication, 101, 59–79. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Papacharissi Z. (2009). The virtual sphere. New Media & Society. 4(1):9–27. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2010). Private sphere: Democracy in a digital age. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Pariser, E. (2011). The Filter Bubble: What the Internet Is Hiding from You, New York: Penguin Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Parmelee, J. (2013). The agenda-building function of political tweets, New Media & Society 161, 434–450. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Peters, J. (2010a). At Yahoo, using searches to steer news coverage. New York Times, July 4. Retrieved July 4, 2014, from [URL].
(2010b). ‘Some newspapers, tracking readers online, shift coverage.’ New York Times, September 5. Retrieved July 4, 2014, from [URL].
PEJ New Media Index (2010). Internet Access Ignites the Blogosphere, March 8–12, 2010. Retrieved February, 2016, from [URL]
Pew Research (2010). New media, old media: How blogs and social media agendas relate and differ from the traditional press. Retrieved August 4, 2014, from [URL]
(2011a). Navigating news online: Where people go, how they get there and what lures them away. Retrieved July 4, 2014, from [URL]
(2011b). Internet gains on television as public’s main news source. Retrieved July 4, 2014, from [URL]
(2015). The Evolving Role of News on Twitter and Facebook. Retrieved January 3, 2015, from [URL]
Pfetsch, B., Adam S. (2011). Media agenda building in online and offline media: Comparing issues and countries. Proceedings of the 6th ECPR General Conference, Reykjavik, Iceland, 25–27 August 2011.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Piotrowski, K. (2006). Online – Offline. Soziale Netzwerke von Jugendlichen. In A. Tillmann & R. Vollbrecht (Eds.), Abenteuer Cyberspace: Jugendliche in virtuellen Welten (pp. 51–63). Frankfurt a.M.: Peter Lang.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Price, V., & Tewksbury, D. (1997). News values and public opinion: A theoretical account of media priming and framing. In G. A. Barett & F. J. Boster (Eds.), Progress in communication sciences: Advances in persuasion (Vol. 131, pp. 173–212). Greenwich, CT: AblexGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Purcell, K., Rainie, L., Mitchell, A., Rosenstiel, T., & Olmstead, K. (2010). Understanding the participatory news consumer. Pew Internet & American Life Project. Retrieved July 4, 2014, from [URL]
Ragas, M., & Roberts, M. (2009). Agenda setting and agenda melding in an age of horizontal and vertical media: A new theoretical lens for virtual brand communities. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 86 (1), 45–64. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ragas, M., Tran. H. and J. Martin (2014). Media-induced or search-driven? A study of online agenda-setting effects during the BP oil disaster, Journalism Studies, 151, 48–63. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Rainie, L., & Horrigan, J. (2002). Counting on the Internet: Most find the information they seek, expect. Pew Internet & American Life Project. Retrieved July 4, 2014, from [URL]
Reese, S. D. (2008). Theorizing a globalized journalism. In M. Loeffelholz & D. H. Weaver (Eds.), Global journalism research: Theories, methods, findings, future (pp. 240–252). London: Blackwell.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Regan, K. (2015). 10 Amazing Social Media Growth Stats From 2015, SocialMediaToday, August 10, 2015, from [URL] 2015-08-10/10-amazing-social-media-growth-stats-2015
Roberts, M., Wanta, W., & Dzwo, T. (2002). Agenda setting and issue salience online. Communication Research, 29(4), 452–465. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Rogers, E. and Dearing, J. (1988). Agenda-setting research: Where has it been, where is it going?”. Communication Yearbook, 111, 555–594.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Rostovtseva, N. (2009). Inter-media agenda setting role of the blogosphere: A content analysis of the Reuters photo controversy coverage during the Israel-Lebanon conflict in 2006. Thesis submitted to the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Russell, F. M., Hendricks, M. A., Choi, H., & Stephens, E. C. (2015). Who sets the news agenda on Twitter? Digital Journalism, 3(6), 925–943.
CrossRef DOI logo with hyperlink to permanent DOI
Sayre, B., Bode, L., Shah, D., Wilcox, D. and Shah, C. (2010). Agenda setting in a digital age: Tracking attention to California Proposition 8 in social media, online news, and conventional news,” Policy & Internet, 21, 7–32. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Scharkow, M., & Vogelgesang, J. (2011). Measuring the public agenda using search engine queries. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 23(1), 104–113. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Scheufele, D. A. (1999). Framing as a theory of media effects. Journal of Communication, 491, 103–122. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Schiffer, A.]. (2006). Blogswarms and press norms: News coverage of the Downing Street memo controversy. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 831, 494–510. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Schoenbach, K. & Weaver, D. H. (1985). Finding the unexpected: Cognitive bonding in a political campaign. In S. Kraus and R. Perloff (Eds.) Mass Media and Political Thought (pp. 157–76). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Schultz, B. and Sheffer, M. L. (2010). An exploratory study of how Twitter is affecting sports journalism. International Journal of Sport Communication 3(2): 226–239. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Shaw, D., & McCombs, M. E. (2008). Agenda setting in the new media landscape: Two perspectives and approaches to research. Paper Presented to the Colloquium for Philip Meyer, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Shaw, D., McCombs, M. E., Weaver, D., & Hamm, B. (1999). Individuals, groups, and agenda melding: A theory of social dissonance. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 11(1), 2–24. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Shehata, A., & Stromback, J. (2013). Not (Yet) a new era of minimal effects: A study of agenda setting at the aggregate and individual levels. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 18 (2), 234–255. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Silva, J. (2008). Interview with Maxwell McCombs. Estudos em Comunicação, the University of Navarra at Pamplona, Spain. Retrieved August 4, 2014, from [URL]
Singer, J. B. (2014). User-generated visibility: Secondary gatekeeping in a shared media space. New Media & Society, 16(1), 55–73. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Smith, A. and Rainie, L. (2010). 8% of online Americans use Twitter. Pew Internet & American Life Project, Retrieved August 4, 2014, from [URL]
Sweetser, K., Golan, G., & Wanta, W. (2008). Intermedia agenda setting in television, advertising, and blogs during the 2004 election. Mass Communication and Society, 11(2), 197–216. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Takeshita, T. (1997). Exploring the mediaʹs roles in defining reality: From issue-agenda setting to attribute-agenda setting. In M. McCombs, D. L. Shaw, & D. Weaver (Eds.), Communication and democracy (pp. 15–27). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Tan, Y., & Weaver, D. H. (2012). Agenda Diversity and agenda setting from 1956 to 2004. Journalism Studies, 141, 773–789. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Tandoc, E. C. (2014). Journalism is twerking? How web analytics is changing the process of gatekeeping. New Media & Society, 16(4), 559–575.
CrossRef DOI logo with hyperlink to permanent DOI
Tedesco, J. C. (2005). Issue and Strategy Agenda Setting in the 2004 Presidential Election: exploring the candidate–journalist relationship. Journalism Studies, 6(2), 187–201. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Tewksbury, D. (2003). What do Americans really want to know? Tracking the behavior of news readers on the Internet. Journal of Communication, 531, 694–710. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Tewksbury, D., & Althaus, S. L. (2000). Differences in knowledge acquisition among readers of the paper and online versions of a national newspaper. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 77(3), 457–479. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Thorson, E. (2008). Changing patterns of news consumption and participation. Information, Communication & Society, 11(4) , 473–489. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Tomaszeski, M. S. (2006). A baseline examination of political bloggers: Who they are, their views on the blogosphere and their influence in agenda-setting via the two-step flow hypothesis. Thesis Submitted to the Florida State University, College of Communication, Florida, FL.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Tran, H., (2014). Online agenda setting: A new frontier for theory development. In T. J. Johnson (Ed.), Agenda Setting in a 2.0 World (pp. 205–229). New York: Routledge.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Tumasjan, A., Sprenger, T. O., Sandner, P. G., and Welpe, I. M. (2010). Predicting elections with Twitter: What 140 characters reveal about political sentiment. Proceedings of the Fourth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, May 23–26, 2010, George Washington University, Washington, DC.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Vonbun, R., Königslöw, K. K., & Schoenbach, K. (2015). Intermedia agenda-setting in a multimedia news environment. Journalism, 1464884915595475.
CrossRef DOI logo with hyperlink to permanent DOI
Vu, N. H. N. and Gehrau, V. (2010). Agenda diffusion: An integrated model of agenda-setting and interpersonal communication, Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 871, 100–116. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Walgrave, S., & Van Aelst, P. (2006). The contingency of the mass media’s political agenda setting power: Toward a preliminary theory. Journal of Communication, 561, 88–109. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wallsten, K. (2007). Agenda setting and the blogosphere: An analysis of the relationship between mainstream media and political blogs. Review of Policy Research, 24(6), 567–587. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2013). Old media, new media sources: The blogosphere’s influence on print media news coverage. International Journal of E-Politics, 4(2), 1–20.
CrossRef DOI logo with hyperlink to permanent DOI
Wanta, W. and Hu, Y-W. (1994). Time-lag differences in the agenda-setting process: An examination of five news media, International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 61, 225–240. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Weaver, D. (1977). Political issues and voter need for orientation. In D. L. Shaw and M. E. McCombs (Eds.), The emergence of American public issues (pp. 107–120). St. Paul, MN: West.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2007). Thoughts on Agenda Setting, Framing, and Priming, Journal of Communication 571, 142–147. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Weaver, D., McCombs, M., & Shaw, D. L. (2004). Agenda-setting research: Issues, attributes, and influences. In L. L. Kaid (Ed.), Handbook of Political Communication Research (pp. 257–282). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Weeks, B., & Southwell, B. (2010). The symbiosis of new coverage and aggregate online search behavior: Obama, rumor, and presidential politics. Mass Communication and Society, 13(4), 341–360. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Weimann, G. (2000). Communicating Unreality: Modern Media and the Reconstruction of Reality. Los Angeles: Sage.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Weimann, G., & Brosius, H. B. (1994). Is there a two-step flow of agenda-setting? International Journal of Public Opinion Research. 6(4), 323–341. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2016). A new agenda for agenda-setting research in the digital era. In G. Vowe & P. Henn (Eds.), Political Communication in the Online World Theoretical Approaches and Research Designs (S. 26–44). New York: Routledge.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Weimann, G., Weiss-Blatt, N., Mengistu, G., Mazor, M., and Oren, R. (2014): Reevaluating “The End of Mass Communication?”, Mass Communication and Society (fortcoming). Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Williams, B. A., & Delli Carpini, M. X. (2004). Monica and Bill all the time and everywhere: The collapse of gatekeeping and agenda setting in the new media environment. American Behavioral Scientist, 47(9), 1208–1230. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wojcieszak, M. E. (2008). Mainstream critique, critical mainstream and the new media: Reconciliation of mainstream and critical approaches of media effects studies? International Journal of Communication, 21, 354–378.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Woodly, D. (2008). New competencies in democratic communication? Blogs, agenda setting and political participation. Public Choice, 134(1–2), 109–123.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wu, Y., Atkin, D., Mou, Y., Lin, C. A. & Lau, T. (2013). Agenda Setting and Micro-blog Use: An Analysis of the Relationship between Sina Weibo and Newspaper Agendas in China, The Journal of Social Media in Society 2(2), 8–25.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Xu, Q. (2013). Social recommendation, source credibility, and recency: Effects of news cues in a social bookmarking website. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 90(4), 757–775.
CrossRef DOI logo with hyperlink to permanent DOI
Zhao W. X., Jiang J., Weng J., He J., Lim E., Yan H., & Li X. (2011). Comparing Twitter and traditional media using topic models. Proceedings of the 33rd European Conference on Advances in Information Retrieval, Dublin, Ireland, 18–21 April 2011. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Zhang, X., Fuehres, H. and Gloor, P. (2011). Predicting stock market indicators through Twitter: “I hope it is not as bad as I fear”, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 261, 55–62. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Zucker, H. G. (1978). The variable nature of news media influence. In B. D. Ruben (Ed.), Communication yearbook 21 (pp. 225–240). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cited by (25)

Cited by 25 other publications

Meinsma, Aletta Lucia, Thomas Rothe, W. Gudrun Reijnierse, Ionica Smeets & Julia Cramer
2025. Quantum in the Media: A Content Analysis of Dutch Newspapers. Science Communication DOI logo
Muhle, Florian & Indra Bock
2025. Artificial Amplification and Intermedia Dynamics in the Hybrid Media System: The Case of #LaschetLacht. Media and Communication 13 DOI logo
Parlar, Fatih Mehmet, Faruk Emre Karakaya & Samet Kolsuzoğlu
2025. Agenda of Sports Press on X: An International Examination. Avrasya Spor Bilimleri ve Eğitim Dergisi 7:2 ► pp. 264 ff. DOI logo
Schweiger, Wolfgang
2025. Online-Informationen: Individuelle und gesellschaftliche Effekte. In Handbuch Online-Kommunikation, ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Chen, Xi, Scott A. Hale, David Jurgens, Mattia Samory, Ethan Zuckerman & Przemyslaw A. Grabowicz
2024. Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024, ► pp. 2639 ff. DOI logo
Maurer, Marcus & Pablo Jost
2024. Comparing Agenda-Setting Effects for the Issue of Migration Measured with Three Different Indicators of the Public Agenda. International Journal of Public Opinion Research 36:3 DOI logo
Selvakumar, P., Raj Kumar Mishra, Ankur Budhiraja, Parihar Suresh Dahake, Pankaj Singh Chandel & Chirayu Vats
2024. Social Media Influence on Market Sentiment. In Unveiling Investor Biases That Shape Market Dynamics [Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage, ], ► pp. 225 ff. DOI logo
Tao, Yuzhou, Mark Boukes & Andreas Schuck
2024. Unpacking the Nuances of Agenda-Setting in the Online Media Environment: An Hourly-Event Approach in the Context of Chinese Economic News. Journalism Studies 25:8 ► pp. 856 ff. DOI logo
Wang, Xin & Maurice Vergeer
2024. Effect of Social Media Posts on Stock Market During COVID-19 Infodemic: An Agenda Diffusion Approach. Sage Open 14:1 DOI logo
Zeid, Nour, Thomas Frissen & Sebastian Scherr
2024. جمال_خاشقجي# #JamalKhashoggi: Unraveling multilingual Twitter sentiment dynamics in a longitudinal comparative analysis of tweets in Arabic and English. New Media & Society 26:9 ► pp. 5529 ff. DOI logo
Wagner, John K.
2023. The effect of selective exposure on agenda diversity: An experimental analysis of high-choice media environments and issue consensus. Frontiers in Political Science 4 DOI logo
Wang, Wilfred Yang, Gil-Soo Han & Helen Forbes-Mewett
2022. Community stakeholder and opinion formation toward end-of-life planning in Chinese community in Australia. Death Studies 46:5 ► pp. 1253 ff. DOI logo
Ariel, Yaron, Vered Elishar Malka, Dana Weimann Saks & Ruth Avidar
2021. “If you follow me, I might (mis)lead you”. The Agenda Setting Journal 5:2 ► pp. 266 ff. DOI logo
Israel-Turim, Verónica, Josep Lluís Micó-Sanz & Enric Ordeix-Rigo
2021. Who Did the Top Media From Spain Started Following on Twitter? An Exploratory Data Analysis Case Study. American Behavioral Scientist 65:3 ► pp. 512 ff. DOI logo
Maurer, Marcus
2021. Theorieansätze und Hypothesen in der Medienpädagogik: Agenda-Setting. In Handbuch Medienpädagogik, ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Maurer, Marcus
2022. Theorieansätze und Hypothesen in der Medienpädagogik: Agenda-Setting. In Handbuch Medienpädagogik, ► pp. 301 ff. DOI logo
Maurer, Marcus
2022. Journalismus und Agenda-Setting. In Handbuch Journalismustheorien, ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Maurer, Marcus
2022. The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media. In Schlüsselwerke: Theorien (in) der Kommunikationswissenschaft, ► pp. 187 ff. DOI logo
Maurer, Marcus
2024. Journalismus und Agenda-Setting. In Handbuch Journalismustheorien, ► pp. 479 ff. DOI logo
Minooie, Milad
2021. A world of two agendas. The Agenda Setting Journal 5:2 ► pp. 156 ff. DOI logo
Ranji, Banafsheh
2021. Shaping news waves and constructing events: Iranian journalists’ use of online platforms as sources of journalistic capital. New Media & Society 23:7 ► pp. 1936 ff. DOI logo
Valencia, Ricardo J. & Derek Moscato
2021. Navigating #ObamainCuba: how Twitter mediates frames and history in public diplomacy. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 17:2 ► pp. 168 ff. DOI logo
YAŞİN, Prof. Dr. Cem Yaşin, Muharrem CETIN, Can CENGİZ & Büşra SÖNMEZ
2021. İletişim Teknolojilerindeki Dönüşümün Gündem-Belirleme Sürecine Etkisi Üzerine Kuramsal Tartışmaların Değerlendirmesi. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi 11:2 ► pp. 29 ff. DOI logo
Garbuznyak, Alina
2020. New Medias Agenda: Approaches to Research Methods. Theoretical and Practical Issues of Journalism 9:4 ► pp. 627 ff. DOI logo
Silva, David E., Myiah J. Hutchens, Rebecca R. Donaway & Michael A. Beam
2018. 300 Million Clicks and Political Engagement via Facebook in the 2016 American Presidential Election: How Online Activity Changes Across Time and Sources. Mass Communication and Society 21:6 ► pp. 742 ff. DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 14 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

Mobile Menu Logo with link to supplementary files background Layer 1 prag Twitter_Logo_Blue