Article published In: Issues in the Teaching and Learning of Japanese
Edited by Nicolette Bramley and Naoko Hanamura
[Australian Review of Applied Linguistics. Series S 15] 1998
► pp. 11–28
Knowledge of gendered sentence-final forms in Japanese as a second language
Published online: 1 January 1998
https://doi.org/10.1075/aralss.15.02asa
https://doi.org/10.1075/aralss.15.02asa
Abstract
This study examines the use of gendered sentence-final forms by learners of Japanese as a second language (JSL). Sentence-final forms (SFF) like wa, zo, kashira, etc., are pervasive in Japanese speech, and serve to signal agreement or empathy with the interlocutor and to maintain the ongoing discourse. Although these forms carry no syntactic or semantic meaning, they serve a range of pragmatic functions, including that of marking gender, which is an important distinction in Japanese. In this study the receptive and productive knowledge of gendered forms by advanced JSL learners is examined. Results from a recognition test and an analysis of oral speech samples produced by JSL learners are compared with those of a control group of native Japanese speakers. Three findings emerged. 1) The advanced JSL learners consistently used the same sentence-final forms, which were far fewer in number than those used native speaker counterparts. 2) No clear-cut male-female differences emerged in either language group for most of the forms studied. 3) The productive and receptive responses for both groups differed from traditional classifications of the forms. The implications of the results for JSL pedagogy are discussed.
日本語要旨
本研究は日本語の男言葉、女言葉、その中でも文末表現に焦点 をヰて、上級レベルの日本語学習者がそれらの表現に対してど の程度、受容、産出能力を備えているのかを調査したものであ る。文末表現の使用に関しては、男女差が見られるだけでなく、 聞き手に対して語勢の強弱、感情移入等、プラグマティックな 関係も付与され、コミュニケーションを円滑に進める働きをし ている。調査方法としては、まず、文献の中から伝統的に男性 形、女性形、中性形として分類されてきた文末表現を取り上げ、 それらを日本語学宵者がどの程度、認識しているのかを選択式 筆記テストを使って調査した。また、受容、産出能力の相関関 係を探るために会話分析を試み、日本語学習者がL記の伝統的 用法に基づいて分類された男女差を示す文末表現を実際どの程 度、使用しているのかを調査し、日本語母語話者のデータと比 較した。そのt:な結果は次の通りである。
1) 日本学習者の産I11能力は頻度、領域IHIでH本語母語i活者に 大きく劣る。
2) 本研究で取り上げた男女差を示す文末去現に関して、1本 語学習者、Fl本語母語話者の|面jグルーフともに男失による 明確な言語差は見られない。
3) 日本語学習者、日本語母語話者のtlilグループともに受容、 産lii能力は伝統的な用法から大きく見なる。
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