Article published In: Australian Review of Applied Linguistics
Vol. 21:2 (1998) ► pp.61–78
Roles in autonomous language learning
Published online: 1 January 1998
https://doi.org/10.1075/aral.21.2.04cot
https://doi.org/10.1075/aral.21.2.04cot
Abstract
The literature on autonomous learning indicates that role is a critical dimension in implementing learner autonomy. This paper examines the roles adopted by learners and teachers in language learning settings where the objective of promoting learner autonomy has been adopted. It does this first by exploring the ways in which different writers committed to autonomy have characterised learner and teacher roles. It then focuses specifically on language learning and considers how three variables – culture, learning mode and individual differences – might influence the roles which individuals actually adopt. The paper concludes by considering how new or modified roles might most effectively be presented.
References (39)
Anderson, G., D. Boud and J. Sampson. (1996) Learning contracts: A practical guide. London, Kogan Page.
(1994) Evolution, revolution or devolution: Increasing learner-control in the instructional setting. In Boud, D. and L. Griffin (eds.) Appreciating adults learning: From the learners’ perspective. London, Kogan Page.
Chang, H.C. and G.R. Holt. (1994) A Chinese perspective on face as inter-relational concern. S. Ting-Toomey (ed.), The challenge of facework: cross-cultural and interpersonal issues. Albany, State University of New York Press.
Cleary, R.L. and L. Makin. (1994) A unique resource-based language learning system. In E. Esch (ed.) Self-access and the adult language learner. London, CILT.
(forthcoming) Key variables in language learning: What do learners believe about them?
Cotterall, S. and D. Crabbe (1992) Fostering autonomy in the language classroom: Implications for teacher education. Guidelines 141:11–22.
Crabbe, D. (1993) Fostering autonomy from within the classroom: The teacher’s responsibility. System 211: 443–452.
(1994) Preparing learners: Toolkit requirements for preparing/orienting learners. In E. Esch (ed.) Self-access and the adult language learner. London, CILT.
Esch, E. (1994) Learner support: Interacting with learners. In E. Esch (ed.) Self-access and the adult language learner. London, CILT.
Gremmo, M.J. (1994) Conseiller n’est pas enseigner: Le role du conseiller dans l’entretien de conseil. Melanges CRAPEL, 221:33–61.
Gremmo, M.J. and P. Riley (1995) Autonomy, self-direction and self access in language teaching and learning: The history of an idea. System 23, 2:151–164.
Henner-Stanchina, C. (1985) Two years of autonomy: practice and outlook. In Riley, P. (ed.) Discourse and learning. London, Longman.
Henner-Stanchina, C. and P. Riley (1978) Aspects of autonomous learning. In Individualisation in language learning. ELT Docs 1031:75–97.
Higgs, J. (1988) Planning learning experiences to promote autonomous learning. In D. Boud (ed.) Developing student autonomy in learning. New York, Kogan Page.
Ho, J. and D. Crookall. (1995) Breaking with Chinese cultural traditions: Learner autonomy in English language teaching. System 23, 2:235–243.
Hofstede, G. (1986) Cultural differences in teaching and learning. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 101: 301–320.
Kirkpatrick, A. (1994) Teaching international students and ‘FLOTEs’ at tertiary level: Language or culture? TESOL in Context 41, 33–35.
Little, D. and D. Singleton (1989) Setting the context: language learning, self-instruction and autonomy. In D. Little (ed.) Self-access systems for language learning. Dublin, Authentik in association with CILT.
Makin, L. (1994) Learner telesupport: Language advising by e-mail. In E. Esch (ed.) Self-access and the adult language learner. London, CILT.
Pedersen, P. and A. Ivey (1993) Culture-centered counseling and interviewing skills. Connecticut, Praeger.
Powell, J. (1988) Reducing teacher control. In D. Boud (ed.) Developing student autonomy in learning. New York, Kogan Page.
Riley, P. (1997) The guru and the conjurer: aspects of counselling for self-access. In P. Benson and P. Voller (eds) Autonomy and independence in language learning. London, Longman.
Riley, P., M.J. Gremmo and H. Moulden (1989) Pulling yourself together: The practicalities of setting up and running self-access systems. In D. Little (ed.) Self-access systems for language learning. Dublin, Authentik in association with CILT.
Sakui, K. and S. Gaies. (1998) Investigating Japanese language learners’ beliefs about language learning. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Association of Applied Linguistics, Seattle, March 14-17, 1998.
Stanton, H. (1988) Independent study: a matter of confidence? In Boud, D. (ed.) Developing student autonomy in learning. New York, Kogan Page.
Cited by (4)
Cited by four other publications
Ding, Feng & Baohua Yu
Farivar, Asieh & Ali Rahimi
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 14 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
