Article published In: Australian Review of Applied Linguistics
Vol. 42:3 (2019) ► pp.224–250
Exploring a possible relationship between the attitude of experienced English learners towards Australian English and their L2 motivation
“Sometimes [Australian English] sounds like a duck”
Published online: 10 September 2019
https://doi.org/10.1075/aral.18053.far
https://doi.org/10.1075/aral.18053.far
Abstract
This paper investigates a possible relationship between the motivation and attitude of learners towards L2 in the
socio-cultural context of Australia. We used an explanatory mixed-methods approach and conducted a survey with 31 international
postgraduate TESOL students at a regional university in Australia. Then we conducted semi-structured interviews with six of the
students. The survey results suggest a relationship between the way a learner viewed Australian English and their motivation
towards L2. The motivational factors were Ideal L2 Self, Linguistic Self Confidence, Cultural Interest, Instrumentality
(Promotion) and Ought-to L2 Self. While all contributed to varying degrees in motivating the learners towards L2 learning, only
the first three interacted significantly with learners’ attitudes towards Australian English. Further, our interview data
highlight that the attitude of the learners with regard to their favorite language variety was based more on Australian English’s Inner
Circle status than its linguistic characteristics.
Keywords: attitudes, Australian English, motivation, TESOL
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Literature review
- 3.Methodology
- 3.1Participants
- 3.2How we structured and analyzed the survey
- 3.3Our interview process and analysis
- 4.Findings
- 4.1Survey findings
- 4.2Interview findings
- The interviewees’ motivation towards learning Australian English
- The interviewees’ attitude towards Australian English
- Interaction between L2 motivation and attitude
- 5.Discussion
- 5.1What does the participants’ L2 motivational profile look like?
- 5.2How do they view Australian English?
- Is there a relationship between the attitude of experienced English learners towards Australian English and their L2 motivation, and how can it be understood?
- 6.Conclusion
References
References (42)
Adolphs, S., Clark, L., Dörnyei, Z., Glover, T., Henry, A., Muir, C., Sánchez-Lozano, E., & Valstar, M. (2018). Digital innovations in L2 motivation: Harnessing the power of the Ideal L2 Self. System, 781, 173–185.
Al-sheri, A. S. (2009). Motivation and vision: The relation between the Ideal L2 Self, imagination and visual style. In Z. Dörnyei & E. Ushioda (Eds.), Motivation, language identity and the L2 self (pp. 164–171). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 31, 77–101.
Brown, J. D. (1988). Understanding research in second language learning: A teacher’s guide to statistics and research design. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
(2009). Open-response items in questionnaires. In J. Heigham & R. A. Crocker (Eds.), Qualitative research in applied linguistics: A practical introduction (pp. 200–219). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Cook, V. (1999). Going beyond the native speaker in language teaching. TESOL Quarterly, 33(2), 185–209.
Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Boston, MA: Pearson.
Dalton-Puffer, C., Kaltenboeck, G., & Smit, U. (1997). Learner attitudes and L2 pronunciation in Austria. World Englishes, 16(1), 115–128.
Dooey, P. (2010). Students’ perspectives of an EAP pathway program. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 91, 184–197.
Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The psychology of the language learner: Individual differences in second language acquisition. Mahwah, NJ: L. Erlbaum.
(2009). The L2 motivational self system. In Z. Dörnyei & E. Ushioda (Eds.), Motivation, language identity and the L2 Self (pp. 9–42). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Dörnyei, Z., & Clément, R. (2001). Motivational characteristics of learning different target languages: Results of a nationwide survey. In Z. Dörnyei & R. Schmidt (Eds.), Motivation and Second Language Acquisition Technical Report, 231 (pp. 399–432). Honolulu: University of Hawaii, Second Language Teaching and Curriculum Centre.
Dörnyei, Z., & Csizér, K. (2012). How to design and analyse surveys in second language acquisition research. In A. Mackey & S. M. Gass (Eds.), Research methods in second language acquisition (pp. 75–94). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
Fryer, M., & Roger, P. (2018). Transformations in the L2 self: Changing motivation in a study abroad context. System, 781, 159–172.
Gao, Y. (2009). Language and identity: State of the art and a debate of legitimacy. In J. L. Bianco, J. Orton, & Y. Gao (Eds.), China and English: Globalization and the dilemmas of identity (pp. 101–119). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Gao, Y., Xiu, L., & Kuang, W. (2010). I want to be a captain of my own heart. Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics, 33(2), 3–17.
Gardner, R. C. (1985). Social psychology and second language learning: The role of attitudes and motivation. London, Ontario: Edward Arnold.
Ivankova, N. V., & Creswell, J. W. (2009). Mixed methods. In J. Heigham & R. A. Crocker (Eds.), Qualitative research in applied linguistics: A practical introduction (pp. 135–161). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
(2004). Research in teaching pronunciation and intonation. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 241, 109–125.
Kachru, B. B., & Nelson, C. L. (1996). World Englishes. In S. L. Mckay & N. H. Hornberger (Eds.), Sociolinguistics and language teaching (pp. 71–102). Cambridge: CUP.
Kormos, J., & Csizér, K. (2008). Age-related differences in the motivation of learning English as a foreign language: Attitude, selves, and motivated learning behavior. Language Learning, 58(2), 327–355.
Kramsch, C. (1998). The privilege of the intercultural speaker. In M. Byram & M. Fleming (Eds.), Language learning in intercultural perspective: Approach through drama and ethnography (pp. 16–31). Cambridge: CUP.
Kuo, V. (2006). Addressing the issue of teaching English as a lingua franca. ELT Journal, 60(3), 213–221.
Lamb, M. (2009). Situating the L2 Self: Two Indonesian school learners of English. In Z. Dörnyei & E. Ushioda (Eds.), Motivation, language identity and the L2 self (pp. 229–247). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
MacIntyre, P. D., Mackinnon, S. P., & Clément, R. (2009). Towards the development of a scale to assess possible selves as a source of language learning motivation. In Z. Dörnyei & E. Ushioda (Eds.), Motivation, language identity and the L2 self (pp. 193–214). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Mackey, A., & Gass, S. M. (2005). Second language research: Methodology and design. London: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Moyer, A. (2004). Age, accent and experience in second language acquisition: An integrated approach to critical period inquiry. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
(2007). Do language attitudes determine accent? A study of bilinguals in the USA. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 28 (6), 502–518.
Richards, K. (2009). Interviews. In J. Heigham & R. A. Crocker (Eds.), Qualitative research in applied linguistics: A practical introduction (pp. 182–199). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Ryan, S. (2006). Language learning motivation within the context of globalization: An L2 self within an imagined global community. Critical Inquiry in Language Studies: An International Journal, 3(1), 23–45.
(2008). The ideal L2 selves of Japanese learners of English (Doctoral thesis). University of Nottingham. Retrieved from [URL]
Smit, U., & Dalton, C. (2000). Motivational patterns in advanced EFL pronunciation learners. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 38(3/4), 229–246.
Stracke, E., Jones, J., & Bramley, N. (2014). Investigating adult migrant ESL learners’ language learning motivational profile in Australia: Towards a bicultural identity. In K. Csizér & M. Magid (Eds.), The impact of self-concept on language learning (pp. 155–170). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (2007). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Newsbury Park, London, and New Delhi: Sage Publications.
Taguchi, T., Magid, M., & Papi, M. (2009). The L2 motivational self system among Japanese, Chinese and Iranian learners of English: A comparative study. In Z. Dörnyei & E. Ushioda (Eds.), Motivation, language identity and the L2 self (pp. 66–97). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
