Article published In: Multilingualism and Language Contact in Asia-Pacific
Edited by Shobha Satyanath
[Asia-Pacific Language Variation 11:1/2] 2025
► pp. 187–222
Contrast, context, and contact
Phonetic variation in the Assamese mid front vowel space
Available under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 license.
For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at rights@benjamins.nl.
Published online: 13 January 2026
https://doi.org/10.1075/aplv.25002.nat
https://doi.org/10.1075/aplv.25002.nat
Abstract
This paper presents a sociophonetic investigation of a contested aspect of Assamese vowel phonology, focusing on
the mid front vowel space. Drawing on data from the newly developed COCAS corpus, the study investigates whether there is
empirical evidence for the proposed two-way phonemic contrast (/e/ and /ɛ/), or whether mid front vowels are better understood as
variable realizations of a single phoneme, and if so, whether such realizations are consistent across all contexts. Findings
suggest that Assamese has a single mid front vowel phoneme /ɛ/, with systematic phonetic variation shaped by lexical history,
speech style (spontaneous vs. controlled speech), and sociolinguistic ecology. These results challenge standard-based and
ahistorical descriptions in earlier analyses, and underscore the importance of sociolinguistically grounded approach, with
implications for sociolinguistic accounts of vowel variation in contact ecology.
Keywords: Assamese, mid front vowel, acoustics, standard, vowel variation and change
Abstract (Hindi)
यह शोधपत्र असमिया स्वर ध्वनिविज्ञान के एक विवादित पहलू का एक समाज-स्वरात्मक अन्वेषण प्रस्तुत करता है, जो
मध्य-आगत स्वर/स्वरों की स्थिति पर केंद्रित है। नव-विकसित COCAS कोष से प्राप्त आँकड़ों का उपयोग करते हुए, यह अध्ययन इस बात की जाँच
करता है कि क्या प्रस्तावित द्वि-मार्गी ध्वन्यात्मक भेद (/e/ और /ɛ/) के लिए अनुभवजन्य ध्वनिक प्रमाण मौजूद हैं, या क्या मध्य-आगत
स्वरों को विविध अनुभूतियों के रूप में बेहतर समझा जा सकता है, और यदि हाँ, तो क्या ऐसी अनुभूतियाँ सभी संदर्भों में एकरूप हैं।
निष्कर्ष बताते हैं कि असमिया में एक एकल मध्य-आगत स्वर ध्वनि /ɛ/ है, जिसमें व्यवस्थित ध्वन्यात्मक भिन्नता शाब्दिक इतिहास, वाक् शैली
और समाज-भाषाई पारिस्थितिकी द्वारा आकार लेती है। ये परिणाम पूर्ववर्ती विश्लेषणों में मानक-आधारित और अनैतिहासिक विवरणों को चुनौती
देते हैं, और संपर्क स्थितियों में स्वर-भिन्नता के समाज-भाषाई विवरणों के निहितार्थों के साथ, समाज-भाषाई रूप से आधारित दृष्टिकोणों
के महत्व को रेखांकित करते हैं।
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Background
- 2.1Language ecology
- 2.2Overview of existing grammatical descriptions
- 2.3Regional variation and Standards
- 3.Previous descriptions of Assamese mid front vowels
- 4.Diachronic and typological perspectives on mid front vowels
- 5.Methodology
- 5.1Corpus and participant details
- 5.2Lexical sources and sets
- 5.3Word elicitation and interview process
- 5.4Transcription, formant extraction, and quantitative measures
- 6.Results
- 6.1Wordlist dataset
- 6.2Connected speech dataset
- 7.Discussion and conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- Notes
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