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Article published In: Variation and change in the languages of Indonesia
Edited by Maya Ravindranath Abtahian and Abigail C. Cohn
[Asia-Pacific Language Variation 7:2] 2021
► pp. 120–141

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Variation in Ampenan Sasak pronominal forms

 | University of Hawai’i at Manoa
Published online: 6 October 2021
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https://doi.org/10.1075/aplv.20006.kha
Abstract
This study investigates the variation of pronominal forms in Sasak, an Austronesian language spoken in eastern Indonesia. The study marks the first variationist sociolinguistic work on Sasak. Using data from eight conversations between 15 non-noble speakers, pronominal forms were coded for whether they were realized as a free pronoun or a clitic. Further, the discourse was examined to identify the referents and to observe the pragmatic effect of the forms used. The results show clitics dominate the distribution. Further, the results demonstrate that a higher percentage of clitics are preferred with the basic form for first person referents, but speakers apply a different strategy for second person referents; speakers use first person plural and third person singular forms to address their interlocutor when triggered by a Face Threatening Act (see Brown, Penelope, & Levinson, Stephen C. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar).
Abstract (Standard Indonesian)
Penelitian ini menyelidiki variasi bentuk pronomina dalam bahasa Sasak, bahasa Austronesia yang dituturkan di Indonesia bagian timur. Studi ini merupakan karya sosiolinguistik variasionis pertama dalam bahasa Sasak. Dengan menggunakan data dari delapan percakapan antara 15 penutur non-bangsawan, bentuk pronomina diberi kode apakah bentuk tersebut direalisasikan sebagai kata ganti bebas atau klitik. Selanjutnya wacana tersebut diteliti lebih jauh untuk mengidentifikasi referensi orang yang dimaksud dan mengamati efek pragmatis dari bentuk yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa klitik mendominasi distribusi bentuk pronomina. Hasil lebih jauh juga menunjukkan bahwa persentase yang lebih tinggi dari klitik lebih disukai dengan bentuk dasar untuk referensi orang pertama, tetapi penutur menerapkan strategi yang berbeda untuk referensi orang kedua; penutur menggunakan bentuk jamak orang pertama dan bentuk tunggal orang ketiga untuk menyebut lawan bicara mereka ketika dipicu oleh Face Threatening Act (lihat Brown, Penelope, & Levinson, Stephen C. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar).
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Pronouns in Indonesian languages
  • 3.Sasak
    • 3.1Social caste and language
    • 3.2Pronominal forms in Sasak
      • 3.2.1Pronominal forms in Ampenan Sasak
  • 4.Methods
    • 4.1Speakers
    • 4.2Data collection
    • 4.3Coding
    • 4.4Data analysis
  • 5.Results
  • 6.Discussion
  • 7.Conclusion
  • References
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