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Article published In: Asian Languages and Linguistics
Vol. 5:2 (2024) ► pp.281–309

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Numerals in Koracha

ORCiD logo with link | Central University of KarnatakaKarnataka
Published online: 6 February 2025
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/alal.24005.kod
Abstract
The paper examines Koracha numerals to comprehend their internal structure and historical development. This study has revealed several intriguing features within Koracha, including: (1) a distinct structure in the formation of complex numerals, where some involve a conjoining morpheme, (2) the presence of two different forms for the base term ‘ten’ in the creation of higher numerals, (3) variations in the forms of numerals used independently versus those employed in compound numerals, and (4) the existence of unique forms of numerals, among other notable characteristics. An examination of the historical aspects of Koracha numerals has the potential to unveil various intriguing historical developments, including the retention of the conjoining morpheme — a possible Dravidian feature lost in other languages but preserved in Koracha. Additionally, Koracha displays two distinct forms of the numeral ‘ten’ in various complex numerals, indicating an ongoing historical shift in numeral forms.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
    • 1.1The speech variety
    • 1.2Fieldwork and methodology
    • 1.3Numeral system
  • 2.Cardinal simplex numerals
    • 2.1Historical and comparative dialogue
      • 2.1.1‘One’: *oru/*oːr/*or>*oru+-ɳɖ> oruɳɖ> oɳɖu
      • 2.1.2‘Two’ *iru/ *iːr: *iru+-ɳɖ> iruɳɖ> raɳɖ> raɳɖu
      • 2.1.3‘Three’ *muv / *muː or *muːn-: *muː+-ɳɖ> muːɳɖ> muːɳɖu > muːɖu
      • 2.1.4‘Four’ *naːl: *naːl>*naːl
      • 2.1.5‘Five’ *cayN / *cay: *cay+-ɲj> cayɲj> (sayɲj>) ayɲj> ayɲju> aɲju
      • 2.1.6‘Six’ *caṟu / *caːṟ: *caṟu> aːru
      • 2.1.7‘Seven’ *(j)er̤ u/ *(j)eːr: *(j)eːr> eːr> oːr> oːg> oːgu *ez> oz> oːg> oːgu
      • 2.1.8‘Eight’ *eṇ: *eṇ + -ʈu> eṇʈu> eʈʈu
      • 2.1.9‘Nine’ *oṉ-/*or-paktu: *oṉ-paktu> *oṉpatu> ombadu
      • 2.1.10‘Ten’ *pak-(tu): *pak-(tu)> pattu> pottu
      • 2.1.11‘Hundred’ *nuːṟ-(tu):*nuːʈ> nuːʈi*nuːṟ-(tu)> *nuːṟti> nuːṟʈi> nuːʈi
    • 2.2An overview of comparison
  • 3.Cardinal complex numerals
    • 3.1Cardinal complex numerals derived by addition
    • 3.2Cardinal complex numerals derived by multiplication
    • 3.3Conjoining morpheme
    • 3.4Multiple structured complex cardinal numerals
    • 3.5Different forms of numerals
  • 4.Ordinal numerals
  • 5.Conclusion
  • References
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