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Article published In: Asian Languages and Linguistics
Vol. 4:1 (2023) ► pp.48–75

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Grammaticalization in progress

Differing patterns of Korean and Japanese plurality

 | Lehigh University
 | Rutgers University
Published online: 6 July 2023
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/alal.22001.lee
Abstract
Korean and Japanese are typical classifier languages that classify a noun based on the semantic type of its referent with a counter word when plurality is involved. Their plural marking appears to be optional when the noun denotes general plurality, but obligatory when a noun is marked by the semantic feature, [+specific] (Ioni, Tania, Ko, Heejeong, & Wexler, Kenneth. (2004). Article semantics in L2 acquisition: the role of specificity. Language acquisition, 12(1), 3–69. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar). In this study, we characterize the so-called ‘optional’ plurality in Korean and Japanese as the manifestation of the grammaticalization. Drawing on actual data, we demonstrate that the plural suffix is increasingly used as a neutral plural marker. The grammaticalization is more prevalent when the nouns are higher in the Animacy Hierarchy (e.g., Comrie, Bernard. (1989). Language universals and linguistic typology. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar), although there are differences in acceptability between Korean and Japanese. We attribute the differences to the language-specific uses of the plural suffix, namely, Japanese associative reading and Korean event-plural reading (Song, Jae Jung. (1997). The so-called plural copy in Korean as a marker of distribution and focus. Journal of pragmatics, 271, 203–224. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar).
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Specificity and obligatory plural marking
  • 3.The Animacy Hierarchy (AH) and grammaticalization
  • 4.Different patterns in non-human animate and inanimate nouns
    • 4.1Non-human animate nouns
      • 4.1.1Korean
      • 4.1.2Japanese
    • 4.2Inanimate nouns
      • 4.2.1Korean
      • 4.2.2Japanese
    • 4.3Why the differences
  • 5.Conclusion
  • Notes
  • Abbreviations
  • References
References (32)
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