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Article published In: Asian Languages and Linguistics
Vol. 3:1 (2022) ► pp.1–35

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Is it possible to prove the Altaic theory on the basis of negative forms in Mongolian, Manchu and Turkish?

Comparison of negative forms in Altaic languages – Part II

 | University of Warsaw
Published online: 5 July 2022
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https://doi.org/10.1075/alal.21022.dol
Abstract
The research question posed in this article is whether the Altaic theory is possible, if it is discussed on the basis of chosen negative forms in Mongolian, Turkish, Manchu and its Sibe dialect. The supporters of the Altaic theory assume that these languages (and some include Japanese, Korean and Ainu to this list (Miller, 1967)) emerged from the same root. The opponents of this theory think that the similarities in these languages have resulted from historical contacts between their speakers (Doerfer, 1966, p.122). This article consists of the analysis of negative forms in various stages of Mongolian, Manchu and Turkish languages carried out on the basis of literary monuments and contemporary resources. The conclusions concerning the possibility of the Altaic theory based on the described negative forms have been presented at the end, accompanied by the Index of negative particles and suffixes.
Article outline
  • 2.4Classical Manchu
    • a.Particle waka
    • b.Particle akȗ
  • 2.5Contemporary Sibe
    • a.Particle akȗ
    • b.Particle waka
  • 2.6Old Turkic
    • a.Suffix -ma-~-mä-
    • b.Suffix .sïra~.sirä
    • c.Particle yoq
    • d.Suffix .siz~.sïz~.su~.süz
    • e.Repeated particle ap… ap…
  • 2.7Old Anatolian Turkish
    • a.Suffix -ama~-ämä~-uma~-ümä~-ïma~-imä-
    • b.The negated verb bilmäk
    • c.Particle dägül
  • 2.8Contemporary Turkish
    • a.Particle değil
      • 1.Neutral present tense
      • 2.Not witnessed present tense
      • 3.Future negation
      • 4.Neutral past tense
      • 5.Not witnessed past tense
      • 6.Negation of a part of a sentence
    • b.Particle yok
    • c.Suffix -ma-~-me-
    • d.Suffix .siz~.sız~.suz~.süz
  • 3.Conclusions
  • Notes
  • List of abbreviations
  • References
References (77)
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