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Article published In: Research methods and approaches in Applied Linguistics: Looking back and moving forward
Edited by Rosa M. Manchón
[AILA Review 27] 2014
► pp. 30–55

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Language and Culture

 | University of California, Berkeley
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Available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) 4.0 license.

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Published online: 22 May 2015
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https://doi.org/10.1075/aila.27.02kra
This paper surveys the research methods and approaches used in the multidisciplinary field of applied language studies or language education over the last fourty years. Drawing on insights gained in psycho- and sociolinguistics, educational linguistics and linguistic anthropology with regard to language and culture, it is organized around five major questions that concern language educators. The first is: How is cultural meaning encoded in the linguistic sign? It discusses how the use of a symbolic system affects thought, how speakers of different languages think differently when speaking, and how speakers of different discourses (across language or in the same language) have different cultural worldviews. The second question is: How is cultural meaning expressed pragmatically through verbal action? It discusses the realization of speech acts across cultures, culturally-inflected conversation analysis, and the use of cultural frames. The third question is: How is culture co-constructed by participants in interaction? It discusses how applied linguistics has moved from a structuralist to a constructivist view of language and culture, from performance to performativity, and from a focus on culture to a focus on historicity and subjectivity. The fourth question is: How is research on language and culture affected by language technologies? The print culture of the book, the virtual culture of the Internet, the online culture of electronic exchanges all have their own ways of redrawing the boundaries of what may be said, written and done within a given discourse community. They are inextricably linked to issues of power and control. The last section explores the current methodological trends in the study of language and culture: the increased questioning and politicization of cultural reality, the increased interdisciplinary nature of research, the growing importance of reflexivity, and the noticeable convergence of intercultural communication studies and applied language studies in the study of language and culture.
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2024. Language ideologies and second language acquisition: the case of French long-term residents in Sweden. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 45:8 ► pp. 3434 ff. DOI logo
Hasanah, Shofiyatul, Hanan . & Parahita Pradipta
2024. The Diglossic-Bilingual of English-Arabic Second-Language Eventualities in Madurese-Scholar's Society. KnE Social Sciences DOI logo
Johns, Brendan T.
2024. Determining the Relativity of Word Meanings Through the Construction of Individualized Models of Semantic Memory. Cognitive Science 48:2 DOI logo
Johnson, Olivia & Desmond W. Delk
2024. #Wematter: Creating culturally tailored health promotion content for Black and Latina college women on Instagram. DIGITAL HEALTH 10 DOI logo
Juwita, Rina & Ainun Nimatu Rohmah
2024. Intercultural Dynamics: Language, Identity, and Communication in a Globalized World. Business and Professional Communication Quarterly 87:3 ► pp. 543 ff. DOI logo
Kats, Nora, Anna Rubtsova & Daria Bylieva
2024. Structural Analysis of Pedagogic Mediation in a Foreign Language Classroom. Education Sciences 14:4 ► pp. 405 ff. DOI logo
Kaçmaz, Ercan & Ayten Kutlu
2024. CULTURAL INSIGHTS IN LANGUAGE TEACHING FROM LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE PERPECTIVES. Kapadokya Eğitim Dergisi 5:2 ► pp. 405 ff. DOI logo
Klatt, Gunnar & Dongdong Qi
2024. Sprache als Erinnerungsort der Kultur: Die Bedeutung von Wortfeldern für das Sprachverständnis. Interkulturelles Forum der deutsch-chinesischen Kommunikation 3:2 ► pp. 283 ff. DOI logo
Li, Shangpu, Ye Jiang, Biliang Luo & Xiaodan Zheng
2024. The Impact of Dialect Diversity on Rent-Free Farmland Transfers: Evidence from Chinese Rural Household Surveys. Land 13:2 ► pp. 251 ff. DOI logo
Li-Gottwald, Jiayin
2024. Transnational intergenerational relationships and doing transcultural family through mandarin learning: an ethnographic glance at Chinese dynamics in four intercultural families in Germany. Frontiers in Sociology 9 DOI logo
Liao, Hongjing
2024. Developing symbolic competence for intercultural learning of advanced EFL learners through critical incidents. Language and Intercultural Communication 24:4 ► pp. 346 ff. DOI logo
Liu, Dian, Wenshuang Zhao, Vijayan Sugumaran & Jing Zhang
2024. Exploring heterogeneous differences between Chinese and Western customer preferences for restaurant attributes from online reviews. Electronic Commerce Research DOI logo
Lok, Beatrice C. Y. & Daisy P. L. Chow
2024. Covering the Grief of Leaving: A Study of News Discourse on Emigration in Contemporary Hong Kong. In The Poetics of Grief and Melancholy in East-West Conflicts and Reconciliations, ► pp. 187 ff. DOI logo
Nyamekye, Ernest, Abdul-Rahman Mutawakil, Godfred Bonin Ntiakoh & John Zengulaaru
2024. Speech norms shaping adult-child discourse in Ghana: A critical pedagogy perspective. Social Sciences & Humanities Open 10 ► pp. 101046 ff. DOI logo
Pandang, Abdullah, Nur Fadhilah Umar, Mantasiah Mantasiah, Azzam Arifyadi & Muhammad Amirullah
2024. Factors Influencing the Language Politeness Behavior of The Z Generation. Bulletin of Counseling and Psychotherapy 6:1 DOI logo
Park, Chulwoo, Mark Edberg, Janet Yougi Bang & Avizia Yim Long
2024. Mixed Methods Study Protocol: Language Identity, Discrimination, and Mental Health among Multilingual 1.5 Generation Asian/Asian American Immigrant Young Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21:10 ► pp. 1311 ff. DOI logo
Pitana, Titis Srimuda
2024. SYMBOLIC EXPRESSIONS OF THE JAVANESE TRADITIONAL HOUSE. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 59:1 DOI logo
Robledo, Daniela, Yesenia Garcia, Rheanna Platt, India J. Ornelas, Annette Faria, Sarah Polk & Darius Tandon
2024. Culturally Sensitive Interventions for Latinas and Spanish-Speaking Women. In An Integrated Approach to Perinatal Depression and Anxiety in Spanish-Speaking and Latina Women, ► pp. 119 ff. DOI logo
Siepmann, Philipp
2024. Re-framing Oracy in English Language Education. In Oracy in English Language Education [English Language Education, 36], ► pp. 17 ff. DOI logo
Sinan Malec, Pinar
2024. Instructors’ perceptions of online English education in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic. E-Learning and Digital Media DOI logo
Sudartini, Siti
2024. Postmodernism Paradigm and its View on the Existence of Language. Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 18:7 ► pp. e05157 ff. DOI logo
Tafazoli, Dara
2024. Exploring the potential of generative AI in democratizing English language education. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence 7 ► pp. 100275 ff. DOI logo
Tafazoli, Dara
2024. From virtual reality to cultural reality: integration of virtual reality into teaching culture in foreign language education. Journal for Multicultural Education 18:1/2 ► pp. 6 ff. DOI logo
Trevisan, Caroline
2024. Comprensión lectora e interculturalidad crítica en libros de texto de español. Journal of Spanish Language Teaching 11:2 ► pp. 180 ff. DOI logo
Vuong, Quan-Hoang, Minh-Hoang Nguyen & Graham Fulton
2024. Call Vietnam mouse-deer ‘cheo cheo’ and let empathy save them from extinction: a conservation review and call for name change. Pacific Conservation Biology 30:3 DOI logo
Wang, Zuo, Piyachat Udomwong, Jing Fu & Pintusorn Onpium
2024. Destination image analysis and marketing strategies in emerging panda tourism: a cross-cultural perspective. Cogent Business & Management 11:1 DOI logo
Witt, Allison, Lu Xu, Aigul Rakisheva & Sadia Mazid
2024. Creating Boundary Spaces Through Virtual Global Engagement. In Encouraging Transnational Learning Through Virtual Exchange in Global Teacher Education [Advances in Educational Technologies and Instructional Design, ], ► pp. 303 ff. DOI logo
水, 俊辉
2024. A Study on the Representation of Chinese Culture in PEP High School English Textbooks. Advances in Education 14:10 ► pp. 625 ff. DOI logo
Anidjar, Or Haim, Roi Yozevitch, Nerya Bigon, Najeeb Abdalla, Benjamin Myara & Revital Marbel
2023. Crossing language identification: Multilingual ASR framework based on semantic dataset creation & Wav2Vec 2.0. Machine Learning with Applications 13 ► pp. 100489 ff. DOI logo
Baer, Manuel F. & Ross S. Purves
2023. Identifying Landscape Relevant Natural Language using Actively Crowdsourced Landscape Descriptions and Sentence-Transformers. KI - Künstliche Intelligenz 37:1 ► pp. 55 ff. DOI logo
Bao, Jingyi & J. Rak
2023. Cultivation of the intercultural communication ability of English learners in the epidemic era from the perspective of the metaverse—taking China as an example. SHS Web of Conferences 157 ► pp. 03008 ff. DOI logo
Chen, Xing & He Li
2023. Speech detection in english MOOC online teaching platform based on edge calculation. International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management DOI logo
Estrada-Chichón, José Luis & Roberto Sánchez-Cabrero
2023. Cultural Awareness in Pre-Service Early Childhood Teacher Training: A Catalogue of British Cultural Elements in Peppa Pig. Education Sciences 13:10 ► pp. 1021 ff. DOI logo
Fu, W. & Z. Liu
2023. The Leading Function Analysis of Confucius Institute Linguistic Landscape in Teaching Standard Chinese to International Learners. NSU Vestnik. Series: Linguistics and Intercultural Communication 20:4 ► pp. 68 ff. DOI logo
Gacek, Tomasz
2023. Some Remarks on the Perso-Arabic Nominal Lexica in Bollywood Movie Song Lyrics. Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia 36 ► pp. 39 ff. DOI logo
Kim, Kang-Hyun & Jun-Ki Chung
2023. Factual importance and self-significance of ideals in the cultural identification of European countries. EUROPEAN CHRONICLE 8:4 ► pp. 45 ff. DOI logo
Louf, Thomas, Bruno Gonçalves, José J. Ramasco, David Sánchez & Jack Grieve
2023. American cultural regions mapped through the lexical analysis of social media. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 10:1 DOI logo
Maalej, Zouheir
2023. Fruits and plants, grains and seeds, birds, precious metals, and substances, or the conceptualization of colors in Tunisian Arabic. Cognitive Linguistic Studies 10:2 ► pp. 270 ff. DOI logo
Martín-Gascón, Beatriz
2023. Unlocking the power of emotion in L2 Spanish: a study of verbs of affection instruction. ELUA: Estudios de Lingüística. Universidad de Alicante :40 ► pp. 379 ff. DOI logo
Putra, Ngurah Rama Aditya
2023. Discourse Analysis on A Governments’ COVID-19 Protocols Video Titled “Social Distancing”. The Art of Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TATEFL) 4:1 ► pp. 31 ff. DOI logo
Samier, Eugenie A.
2023. Reconstructing Educational Administration and Leadership Language and Concepts for Teaching in the Arabian Gulf: Critical, Hermeneutic and Postcolonial Dimensions of Decolonising Curriculum. In English as an International Language Education [English Language Education, 33], ► pp. 425 ff. DOI logo
Schat, Esther, Ewout van der Knaap & Rick de Graaff
2023. Implementation of an integrated intercultural literary pedagogy intervention in Spanish-as-a-foreign-language classrooms in the Netherlands: An effect study at the secondary level. Language Teaching Research DOI logo
Su, Pengcheng & Jiayin Kong
2023. Implementing EMI in Chinese music classes: Students’ perceived benefits and challenges. Frontiers in Psychology 14 DOI logo
Wang, Tiange & Jin Sook Lee
2023. Curriculum bridging across Chinese and English instructional times in a one-way dual language education program. Bilingual Research Journal 45:3-4 ► pp. 315 ff. DOI logo
Dávila-Romero, Raúl
2022. Competencia intercultural y conciencia cultural en el aula de lenguas extranjeras. HUMAN REVIEW. International Humanities Review / Revista Internacional de Humanidades 11:Monográfico ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Dávila-Romero, Raúl
2022. Competencia intercultural y conciencia cultural en el aula de lenguas extranjeras. HUMAN REVIEW. International Humanities Review / Revista Internacional De Humanidades 13:6 ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Elsayed, Nelly, Zag ElSayed, Navid Asadizanjani, Murat Ozer, Ahmed Abdelgawad & Magdy Bayoumi
2022. 2022 IEEE 8th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Juanda, Juanda & Azis Azis
2022. The Bugis Culture in Marriage Proposal Communication. MOZAIK HUMANIORA 22:2 ► pp. 204 ff. DOI logo
Kaçar, Işıl Günseli
2022. Cultural Diversity and Critical Cultural Awareness. In Global and Transformative Approaches Toward Linguistic Diversity [Advances in Religious and Cultural Studies, ], ► pp. 97 ff. DOI logo
Nyarko, John Abbam
2022. Culture & Media Technology Evolution. SSRN Electronic Journal DOI logo
Potts, Diane & Euline Cutrim Schmid
2022. Plurilingual practice in language teacher education. AILA Review 35:1 ► pp. 60 ff. DOI logo
Smith, Scott
2022. Intercultural Competence as a Goal of Language Learning: What Are Chinese Teachers Doing with Culture?. In Teacher Voices in Chinese Language Teaching [Palgrave Studies in Teaching and Learning Chinese, ], ► pp. 33 ff. DOI logo
Smith, Scott
2022. Who is Teaching Who What? Chinese as a Foreign Language Teaching in Australian Schools. In Teacher Voices in Chinese Language Teaching [Palgrave Studies in Teaching and Learning Chinese, ], ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Sun, Lichao, Christina D. Griep & Hanako Yoshida
2022. Shared Multimodal Input Through Social Coordination: Infants With Monolingual and Bilingual Learning Experiences. Frontiers in Psychology 13 DOI logo
Zhou, Liting, Fei Ouyang, Yan Sun, Wentao Chen, Yiyong Li & Ruyu Zhao
2022. Integrated Sustainable Development of Culture into Tourist Map Design: A Case from Foshan, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19:21 ► pp. 14191 ff. DOI logo
Chapelle, Carol A.
2021. Teaching Culture and Intercultural Competence. In The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics, ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Loretta Fernández
2021. Multiliteracies and Multimodality in Teaching a Spanish Literature Classic: Don Quixote. Contingencies 1:1 ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Kim, Hyejeong & Cara Penry Williams
2021. Communities of Practice and Writing Cultures. In Discovering Intercultural Communication, ► pp. 69 ff. DOI logo
Kim, Hyejeong & Cara Penry Williams
2021. Shared Language, Different Cultures, and Common Communicative Goals. In Discovering Intercultural Communication, ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Linares, Emily & Déborah Blocker
2021. Literacy en français and à la française: Socializing students to academic literacy practices in a foreign language. Foreign Language Annals 54:4 ► pp. 1027 ff. DOI logo
NITTI, PAOLO & GIULIO FACCHETTI
2021. The perception of languages by Italian native speakers. Glottodidactica 48:1 ► pp. 63 ff. DOI logo
Rosborough, Alessandro, Shaoan Zhang & Steven G. McCafferty
2021. Teacher self‐disclosure in adult ESL curriculum. TESOL Journal 12:3 DOI logo
Scholz, Janek
2021. Widhalm, Corinna: Selbstermächtigender Unterricht im Kontext von DaF/Z. Wien: Praesens, 2019. -- ISBN 978-3-7069-1035-4. 126 Seiten, € 25,30.. Informationen Deutsch als Fremdsprache 48:2-3 ► pp. 343 ff. DOI logo
Cheng, Hua, Cui Hu & Ben G. Li
2020. Lexicographic biases in international trade. Journal of International Economics 126 ► pp. 103346 ff. DOI logo
Susan Conrad, Alissa Hartig & Lynn Santelmann
2020. The Cambridge Introduction to Applied Linguistics, DOI logo
Conrad, Susan, Alissa J. Hartig & Lynn Santelmann
2020. Introduction to the Field of Applied Linguistics. In The Cambridge Introduction to Applied Linguistics, ► pp. 3 ff. DOI logo
Hartig, Alissa J.
2020. Approaches to Research in Applied Linguistics. In The Cambridge Introduction to Applied Linguistics, ► pp. 21 ff. DOI logo
Maijala, Minna
2020. Culture teaching methods in foreign language education: pre-service teachers’ reported beliefs and practices. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching 14:2 ► pp. 133 ff. DOI logo
Shormani, Mohammed Q.
2020. Does culture translate?. Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 66:6 ► pp. 902 ff. DOI logo
Ang, Soon, Kok Yee Ng & Thomas Rockstuhl
2019. Cultural Intelligence. In The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence, ► pp. 820 ff. DOI logo
Moore, Paul J. & Adriana Díaz
2019. Conceptualizing language, culture and intercultural communication in higher education languages programs. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 42:2 ► pp. 192 ff. DOI logo
De Costa, Peter I., Magda Tigchelaar & Yaqiong Cui
2016. Reflexivity and transnational habitus. AILA Review 29 ► pp. 173 ff. DOI logo
Jones, Alexander Harris
2016. The discourse of language learning strategies: towards an inclusive approach. International Journal of Inclusive Education 20:8 ► pp. 855 ff. DOI logo
Peeters, Bert
2015. Language and cultural values. International Journal of Language and Culture 2:2 ► pp. 133 ff. DOI logo
[no author supplied]
2024. More than emotion words: Linguistic and sociocultural cues on affective processes. In The Intersection of Language with Emotion, Personality, and Related Factors [Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 80], ► pp. 199 ff. DOI logo
[no author supplied]
2025. Towards neuroliteracy through community-tailored science communication: A focus on Indigenous peoples. In Crosscultural Perspectives on Mind and Brain [Developments in Neuroethics and Bioethics, 8], ► pp. 239 ff. DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 30 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

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