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In:Consciousness: New perspectives, artificial consciousness, and the scientific progress of psychology
Sam S. Rakover
[Advances in Consciousness Research 96] 2026
► pp. 1–15

Chapter 1
The concept of consciousness

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Article outline
  • 1.1Delineating the concept of consciousness
  • 1.2The development and evolution of consciousness
  • 1.3The evolution of consciousness: Animal perspectives
    • 1.3.1First observation: The dog and the elevator
    • 1.3.2Second observation: The pampered cat
    • 1.3.3Two experiments on fear and avoidance
    • 1.3.4Measuring fear by pain
  • 1.4Evaluating consciousness by conducting experiments
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