We present a specific elaboration and partial defense of the claims that cognition is enactive, embodied, embedded, affective and (potentially) extended. According to the view we will defend, the enactivist claim that perception and cognition essentially depend upon the cognizer’s interactions with their environment is fundamental. If a particular instance of this kind of dependence obtains, we will argue, then it follows that cognition is essentially embodied and embedded, that the underpinnings of cognition are inextricable from those of affect, that the phenomenon of cognition itself is essentially bound up with affect, and that the possibility of cognitive extension depends upon the instantiation of a specific mode of skillful interrelation between cognizer and environment. Thus, if cognition is enactive then it is also embodied, embedded, affective and potentially extended. Keywords: enactivism; embodied cognition; situated cognition; affective cognition
Cited by (61)
Cited by 61 other publications
Mendes, Henrique
2026. The exceptionality of enactivism within 4E cognition. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences
Eerola, Tuomas, Connor Kirts & Suvi Saarikallio
2025. Episode model: The functional approach to emotional experiences of music. Psychology of Music 53:4 ► pp. 590 ff.
Martín de León, Celia
2025. Mirrors and windows. Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 27:1 ► pp. 87 ff.
Rad, Dana, Monica Maier, Zorica Triff & Radiana Marcu
2025. Entangled Autopoiesis: Reframing Psychotherapy and Neuroscience Through Cognitive Science and Systems Engineering. Brain Sciences 15:10 ► pp. 1032 ff.
Di Plinio, Simone, Simone Arnò & Sjoerd J.H. Ebisch
2024. The state-trait sense of self inventory: A psychometric study of self-experience and its relation to psychosis-like manifestations. Consciousness and Cognition 118 ► pp. 103634 ff.
Kaipainen, Mauri, Antti Hautamäki & Joel Parthemore
2024. Conceptualization for intended action: A dynamic model. Philosophical Psychology 37:8 ► pp. 2497 ff.
2024. Embodiment of emotions in adolescents’ musical expression. Psychology of Music
Coninx, Sabrina & Peter Stilwell
2023. Chronic Pain, Enactivism, & the Challenges of Integration. In Situated Cognition Research [Studies in Brain and Mind, 23], ► pp. 241 ff.
Cormack, Ben, Peter Stilwell, Sabrina Coninx & Jo Gibson
2023. The biopsychosocial model is lost in translation: from misrepresentation to an enactive modernization. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice 39:11 ► pp. 2273 ff.
Heras-Escribano, Manuel
2023. Ecological Psychology, Enaction, and the Quest for an Embodied and Situated Cognitive Science. In Situated Cognition Research [Studies in Brain and Mind, 23], ► pp. 83 ff.
James, Mark, Natalia Koshkina & Tom Froese
2023. From tech to tact: emotion dysregulation in online communication during the COVID-19 pandemic. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 22:5 ► pp. 1163 ff.
McKinney, Jonathan, Sune Vork Steffensen & Anthony Chemero
2023. Practice, enactivism, and ecological psychology. Adaptive Behavior 31:2 ► pp. 143 ff.
Partesotti, Elena, Eduardo D. Hebling, Artemis S. Moroni, Micael Antunes, César P. da Silva, Cássio G. Dezotti & Jônatas Manzolli
2023. Analysis of Affective Behavior in the Artistic Installation Moviescape. In ArtsIT, Interactivity and Game Creation [Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 479], ► pp. 327 ff.
MacDonald, Raymond & Suvi Saarikallio
2022. Musical identities in action: Embodied, situated, and dynamic. Musicae Scientiae 26:4 ► pp. 729 ff.
Martiny, Kristian Moltke, Helene Scott-Fordsmand, Andreas Rathmann Jensen, Asger Juhl, David Eskelund Nielsen & Thomas Corneliussen
2022. From Contact to Enact: Reducing Prejudice Toward Physical Disability Using Engagement Strategies. Frontiers in Psychology 12
Saarikallio, Suvi & Katrina Skewes McFerran
2022. Musical care in adolescence. In Collaborative Insights, ► pp. 70 ff.
Schotanus, Patrick
2022. Cognitive economics and the Market Mind Hypothesis: Exploring the final frontier of economics. Economic Affairs 42:1 ► pp. 87 ff.
Stapleton, Mog
2022. Enacting Environments: From Umwelts to Institutions. In Knowers and Knowledge in East-West Philosophy [Palgrave Studies in Comparative East-West Philosophy, ], ► pp. 159 ff.
2021. Dances with dogs: interspecies play and a case for sympoietic enactivism. Animal Cognition 24:2 ► pp. 353 ff.
Shute, Rosalyn H. & Phillip T. Slee
2021. The Social Animal—Evolutionary Beginnings. In School Bullying and Marginalisation, ► pp. 19 ff.
Hays, Kathryn, Cris Kubli & Roger Malina
2020. Creativity and Cognition in Extreme Environments: The Space Arts as a Case Study. Frontiers in Psychology 11
Magalhães, Rodrigo
2020. Designing Organization Design,
Odeleye, NezHapi Dellé & Lakshmi Priya Rajendran
2020. Mediated Identities in the Futures of Place—Towards a Conceptual Frame?. In Mediated Identities in the Futures of Place: Emerging Practices and Spatial Cultures [Springer Series in Adaptive Environments, ], ► pp. 269 ff.
Willems, S., D. Saelens & A. Heylighen
2020. Comfort requirements versus lived experience: combining different research approaches to indoor environmental quality. Architectural Science Review 63:3-4 ► pp. 316 ff.
Candiotto, Laura
2019. Emotions In-Between: The Affective Dimension of Participatory Sense-Making. In The Value of Emotions for Knowledge, ► pp. 235 ff.
Coccoz, V., M. Lozada, A. Salsa & N. Scheuer
2019. Enactive experience promotes early number understanding: a study with 3-year-old children. Journal of Cognitive Psychology 31:8 ► pp. 891 ff.
ELLIS, NICK C.
2019. Essentials of a Theory of Language Cognition. The Modern Language Journal 103:S1 ► pp. 39 ff.
Riggsby, Andrew
2019. Mosaics of Knowledge,
Shute, Rosalyn H.
2019. Schools, mindfulness, and metacognition: A view from developmental psychology. International Journal of School & Educational Psychology 7:sup1 ► pp. 123 ff.
Stilwell, Peter & Katherine Harman
2019. An enactive approach to pain: beyond the biopsychosocial model. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 18:4 ► pp. 637 ff.
Alessandroni, Nicolás
2018. Varieties of embodiment in cognitive science. Theory & Psychology 28:2 ► pp. 227 ff.
2018. Embodied Cognitive Robotics and the learning of sensorimotor schemes. Adaptive Behavior 26:5 ► pp. 225 ff.
Heersmink, Richard
2017. Extended mind and cognitive enhancement: moral aspects of cognitive artifacts. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 16:1 ► pp. 17 ff.
Mengel, Gregory
2017. The Incarnation of Lived Time: Towards an Ecology of Memory. World Futures 73:2 ► pp. 104 ff.
Rokotnitz, Naomi
2017. Goosebumps, Shivers, Visualization, and Embodied Resonance in the Reading Experience:The God of Small Things. Poetics Today 38:2 ► pp. 273 ff.
Shaughnessy, Nicola
2017. Opening Minds. In The Wiley Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology, ► pp. 61 ff.
Brizuela, Bárbara M. & Nora Scheuer
2016. Investigating cognitive change as a dynamic process /Investigar el cambio cognitivo como proceso dinámico. Infancia y Aprendizaje 39:4 ► pp. 627 ff.
Demiroz, Erdem
2016. Kinesthetic Gaming, Cognition, and Learning. In Handbook of Research on Gaming Trends in P-12 Education [Advances in Game-Based Learning, ], ► pp. 124 ff.
Demiroz, Erdem
2019. Kinesthetic Gaming, Cognition, and Learning. In Early Childhood Development, ► pp. 744 ff.
Jelić, Andrea, Gaetano Tieri, Federico De Matteis, Fabio Babiloni & Giovanni Vecchiato
2016. The Enactive Approach to Architectural Experience: A Neurophysiological Perspective on Embodiment, Motivation, and Affordances. Frontiers in Psychology 7
Malinin, Laura H.
2016. Creative Practices Embodied, Embedded, and Enacted in Architectural Settings: Toward an Ecological Model of Creativity. Frontiers in Psychology 6
Barattini, Paolo
2015. Embodiment in Cognitive Robotics: An Update. In Cognitive Robotics, ► pp. 71 ff.
Bohl, Vivian
2015. We read minds to shape relationships. Philosophical Psychology 28:5 ► pp. 674 ff.
Schiavio, Andrea & Eckart Altenmüller
2015. Exploring Music-Based Rehabilitation for Parkinsonism through Embodied Cognitive Science. Frontiers in Neurology 6
Vörös, Sebastjan
2015. Mind in Nature, Nature in Mind: A Reply to Ule. Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems 13:4 ► pp. 511 ff.
Walter, Sven
2014. Situated Cognition: A Field Guide to Some Open Conceptual and Ontological Issues. Review of Philosophy and Psychology 5:2 ► pp. 241 ff.
[no author supplied]
2017. Research in the Wild [Synthesis Lectures on Human-Centered Informatics, ],
[no author supplied]
2024. Introduction. In Laboratory Epistemologies, ► pp. 1 ff.
[no author supplied]
2024. Notes. In Laboratory Epistemologies, ► pp. 261 ff.
[no author supplied]
2024. In Touch with Life. In Laboratory Epistemologies, ► pp. 189 ff.
[no author supplied]
2024. At the Edge of AI [Science Studies, ],
[no author supplied]
2024. Epilogue. In Laboratory Epistemologies, ► pp. 235 ff.
[no author supplied]
2024. Making Modern Epistemology. In Laboratory Epistemologies, ► pp. 112 ff.
[no author supplied]
2024. Revisiting Laboratory Cultures. In Laboratory Epistemologies, ► pp. 143 ff.
[no author supplied]
2024. Knowing by Experience
. In Laboratory Epistemologies, ► pp. 33 ff.
[no author supplied]
2024. Bibliography. In Laboratory Epistemologies, ► pp. 313 ff.
[no author supplied]
2024. Descartes's Manual Meditations. In Laboratory Epistemologies, ► pp. 81 ff.
[no author supplied]
2024. Acknowledgements. In Laboratory Epistemologies, ► pp. 257 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 9 march 2026. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.