In:Argumentative Style: A pragma-dialectical study of functional variety in argumentative discourse
Frans H. van Eemeren, Bart Garssen, Sara Greco, Ton van Haaften, Nanon Labrie, Fernando Leal and Peng Wu
[Argumentation in Context 20] 2022
► pp. 327–332
Index
Published online: 28 July 2022
https://doi.org/10.1075/aic.20.index
https://doi.org/10.1075/aic.20.index
A
- academic debate/discussionSee scholarly debate/discussion
- academic domain 33–36, 40–41, 54–55, 217–218, 220, 247, 254, 302, 304, 306–307, 310, 313
- adaptation to audience demand 6, 18, 22–30, 43–45, 73, 78–80, 82, 84, 87–93, 138–139, 144, 181–183, 210, 247–248, 250–251, 283–286, 287–288
- adjudication 36, 38–41, 45, 147, 174n
- Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) 53–54, 189–196, 203–204, 206–207, 215, 297, 312
- amalgamation of stylistic characteristics 27, 29–30, 76, 174, 213, 291
- analytically relevant moves 51, 53–55, 64–67, 104–107, 132–135, 160–167, 184, 201–203, 229, 267–275
- analytic overview 6, 9–12, 20, 51, 53, 64–67, 104–107, 160–167, 185, 202–204, 229–238, 267–275, 289, 294, 301
- argument scheme
12–15, 26–27, 46–50, 64, 66, 202, 269–270
- argumentation by/from example 26, 72n, 108–111, 177, 186, 295
- argumentation by/from authority 15–16, 108, 110–111, 176n, 203–204, 209–210, 213, 217
- causal argumentation 11–12, 15–17, 36, 49–50, 64, 66, 68–71, 83, 85, 108–113, 120, 202–205, 209–210, 270, 295, 297
- complex pragmatic argumentation 16–17, 36, 49, 68, 84, 91, 108, 202–207, 213, 240, 246, 249, 276, 202, 297
- complex problem-solving argumentation 108–114, 119, 274, 294
- pragmatic argumentation 16–17, 19, 26, 37, 49–50, 64–65, 68–70, 83–84, 108, 161, 202–205, 208–209, 232, 240, 242, 246, 269, 274–276, 286, 292, 297–299
- symptomatic argumentation 12–13, 15–17, 49–50, 64–72, 83–86, 93, 108, 110–111, 150, 161, 168–171, 175–176, 184–185, 203, 210, 232, 269–270, 274–279, 281, 286, 292–293, 295–296
- argumentational argumentative strategySee argumentative strategy
- argumentation stage 11, 19, 23, 25–26, 28–29, 45–46, 53, 55, 60, 83–88, 93, 123, 137, 148–150, 178, 180, 208, 210–211, 219, 222, 249, 286, 292
- argumentation structure
11–12, 14–15, 46, 65, 67, 105–107, 161–167, 203, 233–237, 270–273
- coordinative 15–17, 47, 50, 69–71, 83, 85–86, 108–113, 168–171, 176, 185, 204, 233, 235, 269, 271n-272, 276–279, 292–293
- multiple 15–17, 47, 50, 68, 70, 83, 168, 171, 175, 185, 204–205, 270–271, 276–279, 281, 286, 296
- single 15, 49–50, 161, 169, 171, 271n, 278, 281, 286
- subordinative 14–15, 47, 50, 70, 72n, 119, 169–170, 175, 185, 202–203, 205–207, 209–210, 213, 233, 235
- argumentative activity type 35
- argumentative characterization 33–37, 42–43, 60, 76, 174, 279, 290
- argumentative cultures 313
- argumentative means and criticismSee argumentation stage
- argumentative moves 4, 6–7, 9–12, 14, 17–18, 20–22, 25, 27, 29–31, 43, 46–48, 50–51, 53, 55, 64–68, 104–107, 132–135, 137, 160–167, 171n, 201–203, 229–238, 267–275, 283–284
- argumentative pattern
6–10, 14–16, 20–21, 27, 29, 31, 46–48, 50–55, 68–70, 76, 110–113, 168–169, 171, 173, 185, 203–204, 214, 229, 239, 275–278, 281–282, 289, 296–297, 301
- basic 7, 14, 47, 50
- extended 7, 14, 48, 50
- prototypical 47–48, 50, 171, 185, 296
- stereotypical 47n
- argumentative predicament 5
- argumentative strategy
18–19, 73, 133, 151–152, 271, 285–286
- argumentational 19, 133
- concluding 19, 87–89, 133
- confrontational 18, 133–135
- general 19, 73
- mouthpiece 173, 176–178, 180–184
- of deduction 173, 177–179, 181–184
- of distracting the other party 19, 134, 137, 144
- of factualization 173, 176n, 178, 180, 182
- of pressurizing the other party 135
- of silencing the other party 133, 137, 143–144
- opening 19, 133
- argumentative style
2–32, 51–55, 76–95, 115–124, 139–145, 173–187, 208–215, 247–254, 282–314
- argumentational 23–24, 53, 83–87, 93–94, 119–121, 124, 174–179, 249–251, 286
- concluding 23–24, 87–89, 92, 94, 122, 124, 183–184, 282, 287, 293–294, 297, 310
- confrontational
23, 25, 28, 77–80, 115–117, 123, 129, 139–145, 180–181, 248, 250, 282–284, 295–302
- compromising 140–141, 145, 295, 302, 305, 307, 312
- uncompromising 129, 140–145, 302, 305, 307, 312
- general 10, 21, 23, 27, 29, 80, 92, 124, 129, 187, 208–213, 288, 290–291, 293, 295, 297–298, 302, 304, 310
- group-related 313–314
- individual 6, 308, 310, 313–314
- opening 23–24, 80–82, 117–119, 123, 182–183, 248, 284–285
- organisation-related 313–314
- argument schemes 12–15, 46–50, 64, 66, 126, 161, 185, 202–203, 210, 232–233, 269–270, 281
- assertives 147
- association 11n
- audience
20, 22–32, 34, 36–38, 44–45, 51, 62, 74, 80–81, 84, 86–89, 93–94, 114–115, 123, 127, 254, 294
- particular 177, 186
- primary
44, 73–74, 79, 82, 84, 87, 90–92, 127, 135–136, 138, 142–145, 172, 181–182, 292–293, 295, 305, 307
- primary 172n, 181–182
- secondary 44, 127–128, 145, 173n, 182
- universal 177–178, 186–187
- audience demand (dimension) 4–6, 18, 22, 32, 43, 76, 78–79, 86, 91, 116, 118–119, 121–122, 140, 172, 174, 210–211, 213, 248–253, 283
B
- bargaining/bartering/bidding 38–39
C
- Catalyst mediation 196
- categorisation of argumentative styles 7, 21–24, 30–32, 301–302, 309, 312
- classification of argumentative stylesSee categorisation of argumentative styles
- causal argumentation 12–13, 15–17, 19, 36, 49–50, 64, 66, 68–71, 83, 85, 108–110, 120, 202–204, 207, 238–239, 269–270, 276, 295, 297
- changing/shifting the topic 130, 134, 137, 139, 141
- China’s MoFA’s regular press conferences 125–128, 135
- civil court’s judgmentSee civil judgment (procedure)
- civil judgment (procedure)/legal verdict 53, 147–149, 171–172, 174, 182n, 186, 296–297, 302, 308
- civil lawsuit/cases 53, 147–187, 297, 303, 306, 310
- civil summary judgment procedure 151–159, 184, 296
- commercial domain 38, 40, 44, 53, 59, 305, 310
- communicative acts 10–12, 20, 147, 245n
- communicative activity type
2, 7–8, 33–53, 59–60, 76–79, 88–90, 128, 134, 139, 150, 172, 174, 180, 184, 189–196, 202–203, 206, 207, 209, 214–215, 218–220, 247, 257, 279, 289, 290–292, 294, 296, 298, 301–314
- embedded 98, 294
- hybrid 35, 50–51, 59, 76–77, 89–90, 217, 292, 305, 309, 312
- communicative domainSee domain
- communicative practiceSee communicative activity type
- comparative research 309, 312–313
- comparison argumentation 12–13, 15, 49–50, 116
- complex pragmatic argumentation 16–17, 36, 49, 68, 70, 91, 108–110, 114, 203–209, 213, 240, 246, 249, 276, 292, 297
- complex problem-solving argumentation 108–114, 119, 274, 294
- concluding argumentative strategySee argumentative strategy
- concluding stage 11, 19, 23, 25–26, 61, 78–79, 87–89, 91–93, 107, 128, 137, 148, 180, 183–184, 219n, 222, 280, 287–288, 292, 298
- confrontational argumentative strategySee argumentative strategy
- confrontation stage 10–11, 18–19, 23, 60–61, 77–80, 92, 115, 128–129, 132–140, 143–144, 148, 180–181, 208, 210, 218, 222, 247, 249, 283–284, 288, 290, 292, 298, 305
- consultation 37, 41–42
- contextSee institutional macro-context
- conventionalisation of communicative practices 34–38, 42–43, 150, 303, 309
- counselling 40
- critical discussion 3, 5n, 10–11n, 18, 21, 24–25, 31, 33, 35, 40, 43, 45, 52–53, 59n, 127–128, 133–145, 148, 218, 222–223, 247–249, 288, 298
- critical questionSee question in argumentative discourse
- custody mediation 40, 190
D
- declarationSee declarative
- declarative 147
- declaring a standpoint indisputable 128, 133, 135–137, 139, 141–142
- declaring a standpoint unallowed 130, 132–134, 136–137, 139, 141–143
- deductionSee argumentative strategy
- deliberation 35, 37–38, 41, 44–45, 51, 57–59, 77, 90
- detached argumentative styles
7, 21–32, 51, 76–79, 85–89, 92–94, 123–124, 139–145, 174, 177–187, 209–210, 213, 247–251, 254, 282–288, 291, 293, 295, 297, 299–313
- basically 140, 143–145, 305, 307
- distinctly 89, 303, 308
- in a specific sense
41, 302, 305, 308
- compromising 140–141, 144–145, 295, 302, 305, 307, 312
- demonstrably 177, 181, 186–187, 297, 302, 305, 308, 311–312
- uncompromising 140–145, 295. 302, 305, 307, 312
- to a certain degree/extent
174n, 302, 304
- exclusively 254
- fully/full-blown/fully-fledged 25, 187, 297, 302
- mostly/predominantly 86, 94, 123–124, 174, 254, 284–288, 295, 302, 304
- strongly 32
- weakly 32
- dialectical approach 3, 59n
- dialectical profile 10
- dialectical route
6–17, 20–21, 25–31, 45–55, 61, 68–72, 76, 107–113, 120, 135n, 168–172, 203–205, 229, 244, 275–279, 281–282, 288–291, 297, 300–301
- direct 71, 168, 205
- indirect 69
- difference of opinion
3–20, 27, 30, 31, 37–42, 46–48, 57–60, 64, 66, 77, 79, 104, 108, 131, 134, 139–153, 160, 180, 184–185, 198, 201, 208, 210, 229–230, 245, 256–257, 267–268, 289, 292, 294, 296
- multiple mixed 15, 50, 104, 148–149, 294
- multiple non-mixed 15, 50, 148
- single mixed 15, 50, 148–149
- single non-mixed 15, 50, 148
- diplomatic domain 33, 36, 38, 44–45, 52–53, 302, 305, 310
- direct-to-consumer advertisement 255
- disagreement space 19, 180, 182
- discussion strategySee argumentative strategy,general
- Disjunctive Syllogism,See logical argument form
- disputation 36, 41, 54
- dispute mediation 189, 195
- dissociation/dissociating the meaning 11n, 132–133, 136, 138, 141
- distracting the other partySee argumentative strategy
- diversity of argumentative styles 290, 301
- doctor-patient consultation/exchangesSee medical consultation
- domain 1–2, 6–8, 33–42, 44–46, 48–49, 51–55, 59, 147, 150, 189, 218, 220, 247, 254–255, 289, 302–307, 310–312
- Dutch civil lawsuitSee civil lawsuit/cases
E
- election campaign
57–62, 79, 88, 92, 293, 304, 311
- negative campaigning 60–61, 72–74, 83, 90, 292
- positive campaigning 60, 74, 78–79, 86, 88, 99, 92
- elocutioSee stylistics
- encyclopaedia (entries) 41, 220, 313
- engaged argumentative styles
7, 21–24, 27–29, 30–32, 51, 76–94, 124, 140, 143, 145, 174n, 181, 208–215, 247–250, 282–288, 291–294, 298–313
- basically 87
- distinctly 303, 309
- in a specific sense
302, 305, 308
- (re)conciliatory 22, 31, 211, 214, 302, 307–308, 312
- to a certain degree / extent
174n, 302, 304
- full-blown/ fully(-fledged) 28, 92, 211, 213–215, 293, 298, 302, 308
- mostly / predominantly 94, 302, 304
- strongly 32
- weakly 32
- European Predicament 34n, 43
- evidence-based medicine 255, 280–281, 300
- exposition 40–41, 54
- extending the scope of empirical research 309–310
- extrinsic constraintsSee institutional preconditions
F
- facilitatory domain 36, 40, 45, 53–54, 189, 302, 307
- factualizationSee argumentative strategy
- family-centred rounds in medical consultation 55, 259–275, 279, 284, 286, 288, 302, 306
- Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence 127, 132, 295
- format research paper 219
- functional utilisation argumentative styles 300–310
G
- genre of communication 35–42, 53–54, 57, 189–190, 311
- getting to a compromise 38, 44–45, 97, 140–141
- graduate dissertation 219
H
- handbook, companion, introduction 41, 220, 313
- health brochures 255
- hybrid communicative activity type 35, 50–51, 59, 76–77, 89–90, 217, 292, 305, 309, 312
I
- identification of argumentative style 3–4, 6–7, 20–21, 32, 51, 53, 55, 61, 64, 72, 76–77, 82, 172–174, 181, 193, 195, 208, 279, 295, 301, 310
- informative questionSee question in argumentative discourse
- informed consent 42, 258–259, 269, 299
- infotainment 59n
- initial situationSee confrontation stage
- institutional macro-context 33–34, 37–43, 46–48, 140–141, 180, 192, 195, 289–303, 306–308, 310–312, 314
- institutional point 28, 34, 42, 47–48, 50, 59, 90, 127, 217n-220, 247, 301, 305, 307
- institutional preconditions
34, 42–46, 48, 59, 63, 76, 129, 138, 142, 150, 172, 174, 181–182, 185, 256, 258–259, 267, 279, 282, 290–291, 295–296, 299, 302–304, 306–310, 313–314
- primary 34, 44–45, 127–128, 290, 303, 306
- secondary 34, 43, 62, 127, 142
- interpersonal conflict mediationSee mediation
- interpersonal domain 34n, 310
- intersubjective validity 59n
- inventory of argumentative stylesSee categorisation of argumentative styles
J
- judge’s motivation of a verdictSee motivation legal verdict
- justification principle Dutch constitutional law 147n, 175, 180
L
- legal domain 33, 35–36, 39, 45, 48–49, 53, 147, 302–306, 310
- legislative debate European ParliamentSee plenary debate European Parliament
- levels of defence 13–14, 47–48, 50, 64, 66, 71–72, 85, 105–106, 109, 114, 120, 123, 161, 170, 206, 269–270, 272, 278, 293–294, 297, 300
- linguistic style 2, 4, 87, 151n, 289, 301
- literary criticism 2, 41
- logical argument form
- Disjunctive Syllogism 16–17, 64, 68–69, 78, 87, 292
- Modus Ponens 161, 168, 170, 185
M
- macro-contextual constraintsSee institutional preconditions
- maximally argumentative analysis, strategy of 271n
- maximally argumentative interpretation, strategy of 171n
- mediation 8, 36–40, 45, 53–54, 189–215, 290, 297–298, 302–308, 312
- mediation style 54, 192–193, 196, 214
- mediator styleSee mediation style
- mediators’ opening statement 192–215, 297–298, 302, 308
- medical consultation 37, 41–42, 45, 49, 55, 255–260, 267, 279–282, 288, 290, 299–302, 310, 313
- medical domain 37, 41–42, 49–50, 55, 255–258, 299–300, 302, 306–307, 310, 313
- medical rounds 42, 259–261, 280, 282
- meta-analytic article 219
- mission 34, 38, 44–45, 304
- mitigation 212, 214, 298
- mixture of argumentative styles 77, 300, 305–306
- mock mediation 54, 193, 197
- Modus PonensSee logical argument form
- model of a critical discussionSee critical discussion
- motivation legal verdict 33, 36, 39, 303
- mouthpiece strategySee argumentative strategy
- multiple argumentation 15–17n, 68, 83, 169, 204–205, 270–271, 276–279, 281, 286
N
- negative campaigningSee election campaign
- negotiation 36, 38–39, 44, 189, 193, 196, 211
- neonatology case 288
- nurse-patient interactions 42, 268
O
- opening argumentative strategySee argumentative strategy
- opening speech rapporteur European Parliament 52, 95, 98–104, 107, 113, 115–124, 294, 302, 304, 308
- opening stage 10–11, 19, 23, 25, 28, 45–46, 55, 60–61, 81–82, 87–93, 105, 128, 148, 182–183, 210, 219, 222–223, 231–232, 248, 280, 284–285, 288–292, 298
- outcome 11–12, 19, 24, 26, 29–31, 35–49, 65, 67, 87–88, 93, 107, 122, 148–150, 167, 183–186, 237–238, 273–274, 296–297
P
- parliamentary debateSee plenary debate European Parliament
- patient-centred medicine 255, 258–259, 282, 288, 300, 313
- peer commentary 222–223, 225–226
- peer-reviewed research paper 54, 218–221, 298–299, 302
- perlocutionary effect/consequence/level
60n, 245n
- consecutive 60n, 311–312
- inherent 60n, 311–312
- personal attack 132–133, 136, 138, 141–142
- playing down the opponent 19
- plenary debate European Parliament 34–37, 43, 52, 95–119, 294–295, 302, 304, 307
- point of departure 12, 19, 25, 43, 64–66, 74–76, 79–82, 90, 105, 137, 160–161, 182, 202, 268–269, 292
- polarizing argumentative style 22
- polarizing-conciliatory distinction 22, 247
- political advertisement/advertising 35, 51–52, 59–62, 72n, 76–79, 88–90, 181n, 290, 292, 302, 304–305, 309
- political domain 8, 33, 35, 44, 49, 51–52, 302–304, 307
- political group European Parliament 95–98, 102, 105, 118, 121
- popular science books 220
- positive campaigningSee election campaign
- pragmatic approach 3
- pragmatic argumentation 16–17, 19, 26, 36–37, 49–50, 64–65, 68–70, 83–84, 91, 108, 161, 202–209, 213, 232, 240, 242, 246, 249, 269, 274–276, 286, 292, 297, 299
- pragmatic problem-solving argumentationSee complex pragmatic argumentation
- pragma-dialectical approach to argumentation 3–6, 10–20, 148, 219n, 229, 276, 301–302
- pragma-dialecticsSee pragma-dialectical approach to argumentation
- presentational choice/device (dimension) 4, 18, 52–55, 61, 73, 76–82, 85, 87–94, 115–116, 119–121, 124, 138–141, 144, 172–174, 178–187, 195, 208, 211–214, 247–254, 282–302, 306
- presidential debate 38
- pressurizing the other partySee argumentative strategy
- principle of autonomy 258, 299
- problem-based approach to mediation 196
- problem statement 108–111, 118–120, 123, 294
- problem-validity 59n
- professional argumentative style 308–309
- Program on Negotiation (PON) 196–197
- promotion 35, 59, 63, 77, 89–90, 174n, 292
- prototypical argumentative pattern 45–50, 171, 185, 296
- prototypical argumentative style 125, 145, 208, 300, 305–311, 313–314
- putting pressure on the other party 135, 137, 139, 141
Q
- quantitative methods 47n, 219, 239, 253, 309, 311
- question in argumentative discourse
- critical
13–14, 26, 46–50, 70, 114, 126, 150, 184, 296
- basic 13
- informative 126
- critical
13–14, 26, 46–50, 70, 114, 126, 150, 184, 296
R
- rapporteur European Parliament 52, 95, 97–105, 107, 109–110, 114–122, 294–295, 302
- reconciliatory argumentative styleSee engaged argumentative style
- reconstruction of argumentative discourse 6, 9–10, 12, 64, 69, 75–76, 160–161, 208, 282, 289, 300–301
- register 2
- relationship-based approach to mediation 196
- research article/paper 54, 218–224, 231, 240, 247, 252–253, 290, 298–299, 307
- research monograph 219
- response diplomatic spokesperson at China’s MoFA’s press conferences 36, 52, 129–131, 302, 313
S
- scholarly articleSee peer-reviewed research paper
- scholarly debate/discussion 33, 36, 43, 228, 247, 290, 302–304, 306, 313
- shared decision-making 258–259
- silencing the other partySee argumentative strategy
- special cases 309
- speech actsSee communicative acts
- stages of the argumentative process 5n, 7, 10–11, 19, 21, 23–25, 28, 31, 35, 43–44, 55, 77–80, 88–94, 128, 148, 150, 184, 187, 208, 210, 213, 218, 222, 247, 288–290, 293–295, 298
- standpoint
5, 11–15, 24, 35–37, 39, 45–50, 104, 110, 113, 136, 148, 219n
- descriptive 13–16, 35–36, 45, 50
- evaluative 13–15, 35, 37, 45, 48–50, 60, 149, 160, 168, 170–171, 176, 180, 185, 296
- prescriptive 13–17, 35–36, 45, 48, 50, 60, 64, 66, 68–71, 76, 79, 86, 107–108, 110–114, 148, 201, 204–205, 268, 274, 276–278, 290–293, 299
- starting pointsSee opening stage
- stereotypical argumentative style 47n, 307, 311
- strategic considerations 6, 17–20, 72–77, 80–83, 86, 92, 113–115, 135–139, 172–173, 180, 205–207, 244–246, 279–281, 285, 292–297, 300–301, 310
- strategic design 6–10, 17–21, 27, 29–31, 51–55, 72–73, 75–76, 138, 141, 172–174, 177, 179, 186–187, 207, 210, 215, 229, 245, 279–282, 289, 291, 301
- strategic manoeuvres/manoeuvring
3–7, 18–21, 33–34, 38, 43–45, 47, 51, 53, 55, 72–76, 83, 89–90, 92, 129–130, 133, 136–139, 141, 144, 172–173, 180, 205, 213, 279–281, 285, 289–295, 300–303, 310
- aspects of 3–4, 18, 43, 138, 289, 300
- confrontational 129–131, 141, 295
- strategic scenario 9, 20–22, 24–25, 27–28, 30–31
- styleSee linguistic style
- stylistics 1–2, 4
- sub-category argumentative styleSee categorisation of argumentative styles
- sub-discussion 192, 195, 198n, 201–202, 229, 231, 237, 249, 270, 297
- symptomatic argumentation 12–13, 15–17, 49–50, 64–72, 83–86, 93, 108, 110–111, 150, 161, 168–171, 150, 168–171, 175–176, 184–185, 203, 210, 232, 269–270, 274–279, 281, 286, 292–293, 295–296
T
- target paper 221–222
- textbooks 41, 220, 313
- theoretical article 219
- topical choice/selection (dimension) 4–6, 22–29, 43, 61, 73, 76–86, 88–89, 91, 93, 115–116, 118–120, 122, 138–139, 141, 143, 170, 172–177, 179–183, 186–187, 195, 208–210, 213, 247–252, 282, 286–287, 290–291, 293–294, 297–298, 300
- topical potential 4–5, 18, 253, 281, 283, 285, 288, 295
- traditional view of styleSee linguistic style
- transfer of prototypical stylistic flavour 311
- treatment decision 255, 258, 260–261, 274, 285–286, 288
- type of argumentationSee argument schemes
- typology of argumentative stylesSee categorisation of argumentative styles
U
- usage declarative 11
