In:Keeping in Touch: Emigrant letters across the English-speaking world
Edited by Raymond Hickey
[Advances in Historical Sociolinguistics 10] 2019
► pp. 287–289
Index
Published online: 28 November 2019
https://doi.org/10.1075/ahs.10.index
https://doi.org/10.1075/ahs.10.index
A
- African American English
20, 213
- ex-slave narratives 239
- non-standard verbal concord 214
- African American English, Earlier 247
- African American English, Rural 247
- African American English, Urban 247
- American English
120
- Appalachian English 127, 247
- Anglophone Caribbean
261
- Barbados 262
- English lexifier creoles 270
- Guyana 262
- Jamaica 262
- St Kitts 262
- Trinidad and Tobago 262
- Australian English 164
B
- Bahamian Creole 247
- British English 120, 185
C
- Canadian English
- have negation 119
- corpora
- analysis software
- WordSmith Tools 128
- Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 153
- Australian National Corpus 164
- Corpus of Earlier African American English-Letters 240
- Corpus of Earlier African American English-Liberia, Transcribed Speech
240
- ain’t as generic indicator 251
- comparison with other varieties via WAVE247
- comparison with semi-literate letters 252
- data statistics 241
- demonstrative them 249
- existential/presentational there 249
- feature ranking 242
- feature ratios 241
- features in semi-literate letters
244
- morphosyntax 245
- letter breakdown 243
- zero marking of third person singular 250
- Corpus of Early English Correspondence 3, 142
- Corpus of Historical American English 124
- Corpus of Irish English 151
- Corpus of Irish English Correspondence
2, 119, 125, 164, 192
- data statistics 130
- the McCullough letters 202
- the McIlrath letters 199
- the Murphy letters 142
- the Pettit letters 143
- Corpus of Nineteenth-century Scottish Correspondence
68
- personal pronouns 72
- Corpus of Older African American Letters
20, 214
- analysis of letters 218
- authenticity of variation 217
- data overview 215
- dating changes 232
- for to infinitives 17
- heterogeinity of letters 221
- language of letters 214
- linguistic validity 216
- Moses Brown Papers 221
- negation patterns 227
- non-standard verbal concord 229
- Northern Subject Rule 223
- question of literacy 217
- second person plural pronouns 226
- second person singular pronouns 222
- the Skipworth Family letters
225
- data survey 225
- typical features 219
- was/were variation 229
- zero marking on third person singular 228
- Corpus of Oz Early English 164
- Dictionary of American Regional English 38
- Hamburg Corpus of Irish English 4
- Interesting Items Visualisation Tool 88
- Irish Emigration Database 126, 193
- Panama Letters 263
- nineteenth-century Scottish emigrants’ letters 68
- Oceans of Consolation 166
- Origins of New Zealand English 186
- Panama Letters
263
- further grammatical features 281
- linguistic analysis267
- past tense marker – variable (-ed)
269
- geographical distribution 279
- grammatical aspect 274
- lexical strength 273
- phonological environment 278
- stativity 274
- temporal disambiguation 275
- Varbrul analysis 272
- relationship to vernacular usage 266
- theory and method 265
- Petworth Emigration to Canada Corpus 19
- Southern Plantation Overseer Corpus 226
- Survey of Irish English Usage 148
- the Lough letters
88
- Annie Lough Collection 90
- Julia Lough Collection 90
- parts of speech 111
- topic annotation
94
- education 95
- work 95
- word frequencies 106
- UCREL Semantic Analysis System 96
- work with small corpora 117
- World Atlas of Varieties of English 219, 240
- analysis software
D
- demography
- extent of emigration 140
- Irish and Maori in New Zealand 199
- Irish emigration to America 88
- Irish-Argentine community
141
- language identity 157
- nineteenth century emigration
- to Argentina 141
- to New Zealand 189
- to Wisconsin 28
- Scottish emigration 68
- switch to Spanish in Argentina 141
- dictionaries
- Oxford English Dictionary 153
- Ulster Dictionary 153
E
- emigrant letters
- as data source 67
- availability 10
- caveats with analysis 9
- contact with source community 142
- dialogic structure 71
- difference from familiar letters 4
- education levels of writers 68
- expression of appreciation 73
- expression of emotion
88, 96
- experience of time 104
- homesickness 103
- objects and activities 104
- recollection 99
- reunion 101
- separation 108
- extant letters 80
- features of Irish-Australian letters 179
- formulaic expressions 4
- hypothesis testing 10
- inclusive and exclusive we 75
- Irish migrant correspondence (Miller) 12, 88
- issues surrounding orthography
165
- slips of the pen 166
- letter sampling 80
- linguistic analysis 11
- linguistic insights 18
- memory and personal identity 6
- National Library of Ireland material 11, 14
- non-contextualisation 2
- non-standard language 1
- orality considerations 143
- presentation of self 73
- Principle of Filter Removal (Schneider) 220
- recipient’s welfare 74
- recipients versus addressees 69
- recounting memories 75
- senders and writers 3
- spelling and punctuation 11
- status as ‘imagined speech’ 127
- theoretical approaches 87
- third parties 78, 79
- time lapse for letters 76
- types of writers 14
- view of the source country 78
- virtual dialogue 77
- vocabulary 145
- emigration
- early adopters 29
G
- grammar
-
do support
- Americanisation 123
- history of negation 122
- negation
- bare negation 124
- distribution in late twentieth-century Englishes 123
- do support 135
- double negatives 129
- got no variants133
- have with do support 128
- historical accounts 124
- patterns, 1731–1940 131
- percentage of variants 134
- Northern Subject Rule 130, 145, 146, 170
-
do support
- Gullah 247
H
- Hebridean English 150
- Irish English
- grammar
14
- absence of personal pronoun 16
- after perfective 148, 150, 173
- auxiliary be 151, 200
- auxiliary be for have 176
- be as auxiliary verb 18
- come for came 18
- comparatives with than what 176
- copula and auxiliary be deletion 176
- do be habitual 150, 172
- finite verb form deletion 194, 200
- for to infinitives17, 174, 194
- future negation 155
- habitual
- do + verb 17
- inflectional -s 173
- habitual aspect 172
- have negation 119
- hypercorrection195
- infinitive for finite verb form 16
- irregular past forms 171
- irregular verb forms 193
- lack of indefinite article 16, 175
- lack of present perfect 173
- negative concord 18, 178
- non-standard verbal concord
17, 170, 197
- occurrence with compound subjects 204
- occurrence with there 203
- periphrastic do 224
- punctual never 18, 195
- question word order in sentential complements 17, 174
- second person plural pronouns 17, 169
- seen for saw 18
- sequence of tenses 18
- short /e/ raising 17
- subordinating and 148, 149, 177
- topicalisation 154
- topicalisation strategies 178
- T-to-R rule 166
- unbound reflexive pronouns 154
- unmarked adverbs 18
- unmarked genitive 16
- unmarked third person singular 16
- use of progressive 194
- what as relative 148
- zero relatives 147
- grammatical features
- auxiliary be 196
- non-standard verbal concord 198, 201
- indication of pronunciation 14
- phonology
165
- /t/ epenthesis 168
- ER-retraction 167
- OL-diphthongisation 168
- pre-rhotic /a/-raising 168
- raised short /e/ 167
- SERVE-lowering 167
- short vowel ~ /r/ metathesis 167
- TH-stopping 169
- unraised Middle English long mid vowel 17, 166
- transportation overseas 144
- vocabulary153
- grammar
14
L
- language contact
- feature transfer
27
- assessment 39
- bei 37
- final neutralization
31
- hypercorrection32
- lassen 36
- like + to-infinitival 35
- noch 37
- to-infinitival 34
- topicalization 33
- imposition 28
- feature transfer
27
- Liberian English, Vernacular 247
- Liberian Settler English 247
N
- New Zealand English 121, 170, 187
O
- Ozark English 247
S
- Scots 150, 170
- sociolinguistics
- appraisal theory 71
- Irish English in contact with Spanish 155
- linguistic innovation 128
- networks and coalitions 5
- new dialect formation
164, 186
- Dynamic Model
187
- Phase 2 (exonormative stabilisation) 205
- phases 187
- Dynamic Model
187
- post-colonial varieties 121, 185
- stance and attitude 70
- variation and change 127
- vernacular correspondence 163
- Southern White Vernacular English 226
