Polish metaphorical perceptions of the translator and translation
The paper offers a comprehensive overview of the Polish metaphorics of translation. It starts by examining the Polish linguistic image of translating, followed by a survey of metaphorical descriptions of the translator and translation from the 18th century, representing the pre-scientific era in reflection on translation. Most attention is devoted to metaphors found in contemporary Polish discourse on translation, centered around: (1) the nature of translation; (2) the relationship between the source and target text, and between the author and translator; and (3) the role of the translator. It is demonstrated that the Polish context offers a rich repertoire of metaphorical depictions of translating, which reflects its distinctive historical and cultural setup.
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As regards its place in international cultural transfer achieved by means of translation, Polish is among the so-called weak languages, of which the French sociologist of literature Pascale Casanova says that they have a relatively important history and cultural contribution but few speakers; they are used by few polyglots; they are hardly recognized beyond the national borders and, consequently, their value on the international literary market is low (2002: 9). In other words, much more is translated into Polish than out of Polish. As a result, translation has played a significant role in the Polish literary polysystem, the status of translated works has traditionally been quite high and the position of a literary translator quite prestigious.