Ch. 8 | Exercise 1

Chapter 8
Adverbials, Auxiliaries, and Sentence Types

Exercise 8.1
Types of Adverbials

1.

Identify the adverbial(s) in each of the following sentences. Label the phrasal category and identify the type of adverbial.

Example: There's a Kid Rock concert tomorrow night in San Diego. (coca:mag)

Category Type
Answer: tomorrow night NP aA
in San Diego PP aA
a.

Unfortunately Frontier got caught in those cross hairs. (coca:news)

b.

That includes, by the way, all personal pronouns and proper names. (coca:news)

c.

To my annoyance, tears came to my eyes. (coca:fic)

d.

Independence was finally brokered in 1960. (coca:acad)

e.

Finally, the festival of Holiya draws to a close with the dawn prayer. (coca:acad)

f.

A wickedly high heel is key to cranking up the sex quotient of an otherwise tame outfit. (coca:mag)

g.

Otherwise, all government officials would emigrate. (coca:mag)

h.

The cows might tell you otherwise. (coca:mag)

i.

I stupidly blurted a sentry's challenge. (coca:fic)

j.

It all makes me stupidly happy. (coca:mag)

k.

Stupidly I left some bags laying next to the pack. (coca:mag)

2.

Linguistic purists often argue that hopefully should not be used as in (a) but only as in (b):

a.

Hopefully, the day will come when Turkey takes its place in the EU. (coca:acad)

b.

the kind of clinching evidence that Lowe could not uncover but that Kent hopefully anticipates finding. (coca:acad)

What are the different uses exemplified above and what is the meaning of hopefully in each? How could you argue that both uses should be permissible.

1.
Category Type of Adverb
a. unfortunately AdvP dA
b. by the way PP cA
c. to my annoyance PP dA
d. finally
in 1960		 AdvP
PP		 aA
aA
e. finally
with the dawn prayer		 AdvP
PP		 cA
aA
f. otherwise AdvP Mod of A tame
g. otherwise AdvP cA
h. otherwise AdvP aA
i. stupidly AdvP aA
j. stupidly AdvP Mod of A happy
k. stupidly AdvP dA
2.

In (a), hopefully means ‘I am hopeful that’ and functions as a disjunct adverbial. In (b), hopefully means ‘with hope’ and functions as an adjunct adverbial (a manner adverb). One could point to a number of other adverbs which have dual functions and are fully acceptable in both (for example, frankly or stupidly).