Direct reported speech as a frame for implicit reflexivity

Minerva Oropeza-Escobar

By articulating the notions of reflexivity and participant roles in the context of direct reported speech, the present study aims to contribute to a better understanding of discourse and interaction in storytelling events. Direct reported speech, I find, counts as a reflexive resource not only because it re-presents other speech, but also because it frames the activity of the metanarrator, as attested by the embedding of overtly reflexive elements (instances of direct reported speech, indirect reported speech and performative verbs) and the display of implicitly reflexive processes such as word search, repair and lexical choice. I arrive at the conclusion that those explicitly reflexive resources -such as metanarrative comments- which involve the momentary suspension of the reporting speech, occur only in extreme cases in which the audience’s understanding of the narrative is in risk from the teller’s perspective. Otherwise, the tendency prevails to keep direct reported speech consistent with the position and point of view of the corresponding figure.The narratives analyzed here were recorded in Spanish among bilingual Totonac-Spanish storytellers from three different villages of the Mexican State of Veracruz.

Quick links
A browser-friendly version of this article is not yet available. View PDF
Austin, J
(1962) How to Do Things With Words. London: Oxford University Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Babcock, Barbara
(1977) The story in the story: Metanarration in folk narrative. In R. Bauman (ed.), Verbal art as performance. Rowley, Mass.: Newburry House, pp. 61-79.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bakhtin, M.M
(1981) The Dialogic Imagination. Four essays by M.M. Bakhtin. Michael Holquist (ed.). Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bauman, Richard
(1986) Story, Performance and Event. Contextual Studies of Oral Narrative. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(1992) Contextualization, tradition, and the dialogue of genres. Icelandic legends of the kraftaskáld. In Ch. Goodwin, and A. Duranti (eds.), Rethinking context. Language as an interactive phenomenon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 124-145.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2004) A World of Others’ Words: Cross-cultural Perspectives on Intertextuality. Malden, MA: Blackwell. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bauman, R., and Ch. Briggs
(1990) Poetics and performance as critical perspectives on language and social life. Annual Review of Anthropology 19: 59-88.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bowles, Hugo
(2010) Storytelling and Drama. Exploring Narrative Episodes in Plays. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Briggs, Charles L
(1986) Learning How to Ask. A Sociolinguistic Appraisal of the Role of the Interview in Social Science Research. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cameron, Richard
(1998) A variable syntax of speech, gesture and sound effect: Direct quotation in Spanish. Language variation and change 10.1: 43-83.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Collins, James
(1998) Reflexive language: Reported speech and metapragmatics (book review). American ethnologist 25.1: 15–16. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Chafe, Wallace
(1994) Discourse, Consciousness, and Time: The flow and Displacement of Conscious Experience in Speaking and Writing. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Du Bois, John W
(2001) Towards a dialogic syntax. Unpublished manuscript.
Downing, Pamela
(1980) Factors influencing lexical choice in narrative. In W. Chafe (ed.), The pear stories: cognitive, cultural, and linguistic aspects of language production. Norwood: Ablex, pp. 89-192.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Goffman, Erving
(1981) Forms of Talk. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hickman, Maya
(1993) The boundaries of reported speech in narrative discourse: Some developmental aspects. In J.A. Lucy (ed.), Reflexive Language: Reported Speech and Metapragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 63-90. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hill, J., and J. Irvine
(1993) Responsibility and Evidence in Oral Discourse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hymes, Del
(1975) Breakthrough into performance. In Dan Ben-Amos, and K.S. Goldstein (eds.), Folklore: performance and communication. The Hague: Mouton, pp. 11-74. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(1981) In Vain I Tried to Tell You. Essays in Native American Ethnopoetics. Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Irvine, Judith T
(1996) Shadow conversations: The indeterminacy of participant roles. In M. Silverstein, and G. Urban (eds.), Natural histories of discourse. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 131-59.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Jakobson, Roman
(1960) Closing statement: Linguistics and poetics. In Th. Sebeok (ed.), Style in Language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 350-377.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Jaworski, Adam, et al.
(2004) Metalanguage: Social and Ideological Perspectives. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2004) Metalanguage: Why now? In A. Jaworski, et al.. Metalanguage: social and ideological perspectives. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 3-7.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Labov, William
(1972) The transformation of experience in narrative syntax. In W. Labov, Language in the Inner City: Studies in the Black Vernacular. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 354-396.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lucy, John
(ed.) (1993) Reflexive Language: Reported Speech and Metapragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Introduction, pp. 1-32.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2001) Reflexivity. In A. Duranti (ed.), Key terms in language and culture. Malden, MA: Blackwell, pp. 208-210.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
McCormick, Charlie T., and K. Kennedy
(1998) Folklore: An Encyclopedia of Beliefs, Customs, Tales, Music, and Art. Volume 2. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mannheim, B., and D. Tedlock
(1995) The Dialogic Emergence of Culture. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mayes, Patricia
(1990) Quotation in spoken English. Studies in Language 14: 325-363. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Oropeza-Escobar
(2001) Participant roles and storytelling: Description of a narrating event in a rural community in Eastern Mexico. Ms. University of California, Santa Barbara.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Oropeza-Escobar, Minerva
(2010) La elección léxica en narrativa oral tradicional: Una primera aproximación. In M. Bortoluzzi, and W. Jacorzynsi (coord.), El hombre es el fluir de un cuento: Antropología de las narrativas. México: CIESAS, pp. 23-49.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2011) Represented Discourse, Resonance and Stance in Joking Interaction in Mexican Spanish. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Tannen, Deborah
(1989) Talking Voices: Repetition, Dialogue, and Imagery in Conversational Discourse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Voloshinov, V.N
(1986) Marxism and the Philosophy of Language. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wierzbicka, Anna
(1974) The semantics of direct and indirect discourse. Papers in Linguistics 7: 267–307.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
 
Mobile Menu Logo with link to supplementary files background Layer 1 prag Twitter_Logo_Blue