Sotsiolingvistika ja tõlkimine [Sociolinguistics and translation]

Sara Ramos Pinto
University of Turku
tõlkinud Berit Vari
Sisukord

Tõlkeuuringute (Translation Studies (TS)) kui teadusharu arengut on aeg-ajalt mõjustanud tõlkimise (translation) lingvistiliste (linguistic) ja kultuuriliste lähenemisviiside (cultural approaches) vaheline pinge. Praeguseks on siiski jõutud enamasti tõdemuseni, et mõlemal harul on teineteisele palju pakkuda ja dihhotoomiale osutamine on seega suurel määral iganenud. Rääkides konkreetsemalt sotsiolingvistikast, tuleks kõigepealt märkida ära huvi, mida tõlkeuurijad tundsid sotsiolingvistika vastu teksti funktsionaalsete ja kommunikatiivsete lähenemisviiside raames 1980. ja 1990. aastatel, seda ühtlasi seoses pöördega strukturaalse lingvistika juurest funktsionaalse juurde. Lingvistiliste käsituste peamine kriitika tõlkeuuringute kohta on seotud selle aluseks oleva eeldusega, mis ütleb, et tähendus on stabiilne ja keelest ning kultuurist sõltumatu. Selline arusaam on täiesti vastupidine sotsiolingvistika omale, mis käsitab tähendust dünaamilise, subjektiivse ja kontekstist sõltuvana ning mida alljärgnevalt ka lühidalt selgitatakse.

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