Національна держава, імперія, переклад [Nation, empire, translation]

Роберто Вальдеон
Ов’єдський університет
Переклад Олександр Кальниченко
Зміст

Нація – це досить-таки складне й заплутане поняття. Ернест Андре Ґелнер запропонував до нього два підходи: культурний і вольовий (Gellner 2006: 6–7), хоча й визнає, що жоден з них не є задовільним, і вказує, що нації можна визначити лише в термінах епохи націоналізму (2006: 54). Отож концепція сучасної національної держави, напевно, є недавнім європейським задумом, а втім, з іншого боку, роль мови як ключового чинника для визначення чи утворення націй-держав такою не являється. Подібним чином і перекладознавство (Translation Studies) достеменно дисципліна нова, проте важлива роль перекладу (Translation) в побудові імперій чимось новим не є (Robinson 1997: 9). Давні єгиптяни, греки, римляни, араби, китайці, турки-османи та інші через переклад сприяли розвитку своїх державних утворень, між тим як їхні відповідні імперії зростали завдяки військовим завоюванням і, згодом, торгівлі (див. Науковий переклад (Scientific translation)).

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