Kansakunta, valtakunta ja kääntäminen [Nation, empire, translation]

Roberto Valdeón
University of Oviedo
Käännös Mira Kainulainen
Sisällysluettelo

Kansakunta (nation) on erittäin ongelmallinen käsite. Geller on esittänyt sen käsittelyyn kahta lähestymistapaa: kulttuurista ja voluntaristista (2006: 6–7). Hän tosin myöntää, ettei kumpikaan niistä ole riittävä, ja huomauttaa, että kansakunnat voidaan määritellä vain nationalismin aikakaudella (2006: 54). Vaikka modernin kansakunnan käsite onkin siis suhteellisen uusi eurooppalainen konstruktio, ei kielen keskeinen rooli kansakuntien määrittelyssä/luomisessa ole kuitenkaan uutta. Yhtä lailla, vaikka käännöstiede [Translation Studies] onkin moderni tieteenala, ei kääntämisen [Translation] rooli valtakuntien rakentamisessa ole myöskään uusi (Robinson 1997: 9). Egyptiläiset, kreikkalaiset, roomalaiset, arabit, kiinalaiset, ottomaanit ja monet muut kansat edistivät omaa asemaansa kääntämisen avulla laajentaessaan valtakuntiaan sotilaallisin valloituksin ja myöhemmin kaupankäynnillä (ks. Tieteellisten tekstien kääntäminen [Scientific translation]).

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